Cortical mechanisms in speech perception: MEG studies

言语感知中的皮层机制：MEG 研究

• 批准号: 6633438
• 负责人: DAVID E POEPPEL
• 金额: $ 46.32万
• 依托单位: UNIV OF MARYLAND, COLLEGE PARK
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2002
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2002-08-01 至 2007-07-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/6633438
• 关键词: adolescence (12-20); auditory stimulus; biomagnetism; brain interhemispheric activity; clinical research; direct cortical response; electroencephalography; frontal lobe /cortex; hemodynamics; human middle age (35-64); human subject; magnetoencephalography; neural information processing; neuroanatomy; neurophysiology; parietal lobe /cortex; sound perception; speech recognition; temporal lobe /cortex; time resolved data; young adult human (21-34)

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): The research program developed in the proposal aims to understand how auditory cognition, in general, and speech perception, in particular, is mediated by cortical structures. Two broad questions are addressed. First, what is the functional neuroanatomy of speech sound processing? Second, are there cortical time-based mechanisms that provide a logistical basis for the analysis of auditory signals? These two questions are addressed in a series of magnetoencephalography (MEG) studies. Both research goals build on recent findings, primarily from neuroscience and cognitive neuroscience that suggest a new perspective on the functional anatomy and physiology of speech sound processing. Results from hemodynamic imaging studies (PET, fMRI) as well as electromagnetic recording techniques (EEG, MEG) show that the functional neuroanatomy of speech perception (i) is more bilaterally organized than previously assumed and (ii) that auditory areas in the temporal lobe play a core role, but that parietal and frontal areas are critically implicated in specific aspects of speech sound processing as well. Furthermore, neurophysiological results, both at the single-unit and systems levels, point to the importance of timing mechanisms in the representation and processing of auditory signals. Because MEG is a non-invasive recording technique that has the necessary temporal resolution (ms) to study neurophysiological timing phenomena and can also localize the activity in a useful anatomic context, it is the appropriate tool to address both broader questions.

描述(由申请人提供)：提案中开发的研究计划旨在了解听觉认知，特别是言语感知是如何由皮质结构调节的。本文提出了两个广泛的问题。首先，什么是语音处理的功能神经解剖学？第二，是否有基于皮层时间的机制为听觉信号的分析提供后勤基础？这两个问题在一系列脑磁图(MEG)研究中得到了解决。 这两个研究目标都建立在最近的发现基础上，主要来自神经科学和认知神经科学，这些发现提出了一种关于语音处理的功能解剖学和生理学的新视角。血流动力学成像研究(PET，fMRI)和电磁记录技术(EEG，MEG)的结果表明，言语知觉的功能神经解剖学(I)比先前假设的更具双向性组织，(Ii)颞叶的听觉区域发挥核心作用，但顶区和额区也与语音处理的特定方面密切相关。此外，在单个单位和系统水平上的神经生理学结果表明，计时机制在听觉信号的表示和处理中的重要性。由于脑磁图是一种非侵入性记录技术，具有必要的时间分辨率(Ms)来研究神经生理学计时现象，并且还可以在有用的解剖学背景下定位活动，因此它是解决这两个更广泛问题的合适工具。