Cortical Mechanisms in Speech Perception: MEG Studies

言语感知中的皮质机制：MEG 研究

• 批准号: 8304130
• 负责人: DAVID E POEPPEL
• 金额: $ 48.43万
• 依托单位: NEW YORK UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2002
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2002-08-01 至 2014-03-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8304130
• 关键词: Accounting; Acoustics; Address; Afferent Pathways; Alzheimer' s Disease; Anatomic Models; Anatomy; Aphasia; Area; Auditory; Auditory area; Auditory system; Autistic Disorder; Base of the Brain; Basic Science; Behavioral; Bilateral; Binding; Brain; Cells; Cerebrum; Childhood; Clinical Research; Communication; Communication impairment; Complex; Computer Simulation; Data; Development; Diagnostic; Dictionary; Disease; Dorsal; Dyslexia; Electroencephalography; Foundations; Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Gap Junctions; Goals; Health; Hearing; Human; Image; Investigation; Knowledge; Lead; Lesion; Linguistics; Link; Magnetoencephalography; Maps; Mediating; Methods; Modality; Modeling; Nature; Neurobiology; Neurons; Pathology; Process; Property; Psyche structure; Psycholinguistics; Psychophysics; Psychophysiology; Research; Resolution; Sampling; Sensory; Series; Signal Transduction; Speech; Speech Perception; Speech Sound; Stimulus; Stream; Structure; Temporal Lobe; Testing; Therapeutic; Time; Vision; Visual; Word Processing; Work; Writing; abstracting; age related; aging population; base; cognitive neuroscience; computerized data processing; innovation; language processing; lexical; neurophysiology; phonology; preconditioning; programs; research study; skills; sound; speech processing; theories

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): The representation of speech and other complex auditory signals in the human brain constitutes a major interdisciplinary challenge for cognitive neuroscience. Understanding in a principled manner how acoustic signals are transformed and ultimately recognized as words in a speaker's mental dictionary requires the integration of knowledge across fields ranging from single-cell recording in auditory cortex to linguistic theory. The research program outlined here is focused on two subroutines in speech processing. In the context of the first specific aim, the hypothesis is investigated that speech is analyzed concurrently on two time scales in human auditory cortex, with one corresponding to analysis at the syllabic scale, another at the segmental (phonemic) scale. This multi-time resolution model, which provides an account of hemispheric asymmetry in audition, is tested in a series of behavioral and electrophysiological studies. The goal is to provide a theoretically motivated and neurobiologically sensible answer to how acoustic signals are fractionated in time and how they map to words stored in the brain. The second aim encompasses both behavioral (often audio- visual) and electrophysiological studies that test how (specifically, how abstractly) speech and words are represented in the human brain. The goal is to test models of the cortical encoding of speech sounds and words. The principal method used in this research program is magnetoencephalography (MEG), typically with parallel behavioral studies performed. Other non-invasive recording modalities are also employed (EEG, fMRI) to validate and extend data from any single approach. PUBLIC HEALTH RELEVANCE Successfully perceiving speech and recognizing words are processes at the basis of human communication. A mechanistic characterization of the brain structures that mediate these skills is essential to understand the range of disorders associated with problems in speech processing. Health-related phenomena ranging from dyslexia and autism in childhood to aphasia and Alzheimer's disease in the aging population have been repeatedly linked to problems with the auditory analysis of complex signals and the ability to process words appropriately. The development of innovative diagnostic, interventional, and therapeutic approaches critically depends on our enriched knowledge of the brain basis of the processes underlying human speech.

描述（由申请人提供）：人类大脑中语音和其他复杂听觉信号的表征构成了认知神经科学的主要跨学科挑战。以一种原则性的方式理解声音信号是如何转换的，并最终在说话者的心理词典中被识别为单词，需要整合从听觉皮层的单细胞记录到语言理论等各个领域的知识。这里概述的研究程序集中在语音处理中的两个子程序上。在第一个具体目标的背景下，研究了人类听觉皮层在两个时间尺度上同时分析语音的假设，一个对应于音节尺度的分析，另一个对应于音段（音位）尺度的分析。这个多时间分辨率模型，提供了一个半球不对称的听，是在一系列的行为和电生理研究中进行了测试。其目标是提供一个理论上有动机的、神经生物学上合理的答案，来解释声音信号是如何在时间上被分割的，以及它们是如何映射到大脑中存储的单词的。第二个目标包括行为研究（通常是视听研究）和电生理学研究，这些研究测试人类大脑如何（具体地说，如何抽象地）表达语音和单词。目的是测试语音和单词的皮质编码模型。在这个研究项目中使用的主要方法是脑磁图（MEG），通常与并行行为研究一起进行。其他非侵入性记录模式也被采用（EEG, fMRI）来验证和扩展来自任何单一方法的数据。成功地感知语音和识别单词是人类交流的基础过程。对调节这些技能的大脑结构进行机制表征，对于理解与言语处理问题相关的各种障碍是至关重要的。与健康相关的现象，从儿童的阅读障碍和自闭症，到老年人口的失语症和阿尔茨海默病，都一再与复杂信号的听觉分析问题和适当处理单词的能力有关。创新的诊断、介入和治疗方法的发展严重依赖于我们对人类语言过程的大脑基础的丰富知识。