Cortical mechanisms in speech perception: MEG studies

言语感知中的皮层机制：MEG 研究

• 批准号: 7093628
• 负责人: DAVID E POEPPEL
• 金额: $ 48.97万
• 依托单位: UNIV OF MARYLAND, COLLEGE PARK
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2002
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2002-08-01 至 2008-07-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/7093628
• 关键词: adolescence (12-20); auditory stimulus; biomagnetism; brain interhemispheric activity; clinical research; direct cortical response; electroencephalography; frontal lobe /cortex; hemodynamics; human middle age (35-64); human subject; magnetoencephalography; neural information processing; neuroanatomy; neurophysiology; parietal lobe /cortex; sound perception; speech recognition; temporal lobe /cortex; time resolved data; young adult human (21-34)

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): The research program developed in the proposal aims to understand how auditory cognition, in general, and speech perception, in particular, is mediated by cortical structures. Two broad questions are addressed. First, what is the functional neuroanatomy of speech sound processing? Second, are there cortical time-based mechanisms that provide a logistical basis for the analysis of auditory signals? These two questions are addressed in a series of magnetoencephalography (MEG) studies. Both research goals build on recent findings, primarily from neuroscience and cognitive neuroscience that suggest a new perspective on the functional anatomy and physiology of speech sound processing. Results from hemodynamic imaging studies (PET, fMRI) as well as electromagnetic recording techniques (EEG, MEG) show that the functional neuroanatomy of speech perception (i) is more bilaterally organized than previously assumed and (ii) that auditory areas in the temporal lobe play a core role, but that parietal and frontal areas are critically implicated in specific aspects of speech sound processing as well. Furthermore, neurophysiological results, both at the single-unit and systems levels, point to the importance of timing mechanisms in the representation and processing of auditory signals. Because MEG is a non-invasive recording technique that has the necessary temporal resolution (ms) to study neurophysiological timing phenomena and can also localize the activity in a useful anatomic context, it is the appropriate tool to address both broader questions.

描述（由申请人提供）：在提案中开发的研究计划旨在了解一般的听觉认知，特别是言语感知是如何由皮层结构介导的。讨论了两个广泛的问题。首先，什么是语音处理的功能神经解剖学？第二，是否有基于时间的皮层机制为听觉信号的分析提供了逻辑基础？这两个问题在一系列脑磁图（MEG）研究中得到了解决。 这两个研究目标都建立在最近的发现基础上，主要来自神经科学和认知神经科学，这些发现提出了语音声音处理的功能解剖学和生理学的新观点。血流动力学成像研究（PET、fMRI）以及电磁记录技术（EEG、MEG）的结果表明，言语感知的功能性神经解剖学（i）比以前假设的更双边组织，（ii）颞叶中的听觉区发挥核心作用，但顶叶和额叶区也与言语声音处理的特定方面密切相关。此外，神经生理学的结果，无论是在单一的单位和系统的水平，点的重要性，在听觉信号的表示和处理的定时机制。由于脑磁图是一种非侵入性记录技术，具有必要的时间分辨率（ms）来研究神经生理学计时现象，也可以在有用的解剖背景下定位活动，因此它是解决这两个更广泛问题的适当工具。