Cortical Mechanisms in Speech Perception: MEG Studies

言语感知中的皮质机制：MEG 研究

• 批准号: 7460409
• 负责人: DAVID E POEPPEL
• 金额: $ 48.78万
• 依托单位: UNIV OF MARYLAND, COLLEGE PARK
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2002
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2002-08-01 至 2009-07-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/7460409
• 关键词: Accounting; Acoustics; Address; Afferent Pathways; Alzheimer' s Disease; Anatomic Models; Anatomy; Aphasia; Area; Auditory; Auditory area; Auditory system; Autistic Disorder; Base of the Brain; Behavioral; Bilateral; Binding; Brain; Cells; Cerebrum; Childhood; Clinical Research; Communication; Communication impairment; Complex; Computer Simulation; Data; Development; Diagnostic; Dictionary; Disease; Dorsal; Dyslexia; Electroencephalography; Facility Construction Funding Category; Foundations; Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Gap Junctions; Goals; Hearing; Human; Image; Invasive; Investigation; Knowledge; Lead; Lesion; Linguistics; Link; Magnetoencephalography; Maps; Mediating; Methods; Modality; Modeling; Nature; Neurobiology; Neurons; Nexus (resin cement); Pathology; Process; Property; Psyche structure; Psycholinguistics; Psychophysics; Psychophysiology; Public Health; Range; Research; Resolution; Sampling; Sensory; Series; Signal Transduction; Speech; Speech Perception; Speech Sound; Stimulus; Stream; Structure; Temporal Lobe; Testing; Therapeutic; Time; Vision; Visual; Word Processing; Work; Writing; abstracting; age related; aging population; base; cognitive neuroscience; computerized data processing; concept; innovation; language processing; lexical; neurophysiology; preconditioning; programs; research study; skills; sound; speech processing; theories

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): The representation of speech and other complex auditory signals in the human brain constitutes a major interdisciplinary challenge for cognitive neuroscience. Understanding in a principled manner how acoustic signals are transformed and ultimately recognized as words in a speaker's mental dictionary requires the integration of knowledge across fields ranging from single-cell recording in auditory cortex to linguistic theory. The research program outlined here is focused on two subroutines in speech processing. In the context of the first specific aim, the hypothesis is investigated that speech is analyzed concurrently on two time scales in human auditory cortex, with one corresponding to analysis at the syllabic scale, another at the segmental (phonemic) scale. This multi-time resolution model, which provides an account of hemispheric asymmetry in audition, is tested in a series of behavioral and electrophysiological studies. The goal is to provide a theoretically motivated and neurobiologically sensible answer to how acoustic signals are fractionated in time and how they map to words stored in the brain. The second aim encompasses both behavioral (often audio- visual) and electrophysiological studies that test how (specifically, how abstractly) speech and words are represented in the human brain. The goal is to test models of the cortical encoding of speech sounds and words. The principal method used in this research program is magnetoencephalography (MEG), typically with parallel behavioral studies performed. Other non-invasive recording modalities are also employed (EEG, fMRI) to validate and extend data from any single approach. PUBLIC HEALTH RELEVANCE Successfully perceiving speech and recognizing words are processes at the basis of human communication. A mechanistic characterization of the brain structures that mediate these skills is essential to understand the range of disorders associated with problems in speech processing. Health-related phenomena ranging from dyslexia and autism in childhood to aphasia and Alzheimer's disease in the aging population have been repeatedly linked to problems with the auditory analysis of complex signals and the ability to process words appropriately. The development of innovative diagnostic, interventional, and therapeutic approaches critically depends on our enriched knowledge of the brain basis of the processes underlying human speech.

描述（由申请人提供）：人类大脑中语音和其他复杂听觉信号的表示构成了认知神经科学的主要跨学科挑战。以原则性的方式理解声信号是如何被转换并最终被识别为说话者心理词典中的单词的，需要整合从听觉皮层中的单细胞记录到语言学理论的各个领域的知识。这里概述的研究计划集中在语音处理中的两个子程序。在第一个具体目标的背景下，研究的假设，语音分析同时在两个时间尺度上在人类听觉皮层，一个对应于音节尺度的分析，另一个在段（音素）规模。这个多时间分辨率模型，它提供了一个帐户的半球不对称的听力，测试在一系列的行为和电生理研究。我们的目标是提供一个理论上的动机和神经生物学上合理的答案，如何在时间上分割的声音信号，以及它们如何映射到存储在大脑中的单词。第二个目标包括行为（通常是视听）和电生理学研究，这些研究测试语音和单词在人脑中是如何（特别是如何抽象）表达的。目的是测试语音和单词的皮层编码模型。在这项研究计划中使用的主要方法是脑磁图（MEG），通常与平行的行为研究进行。也采用其他非侵入性记录方式（EEG，fMRI）来验证和扩展来自任何单一方法的数据。成功地感知语音和识别单词是人类交流的基础。对调节这些技能的大脑结构的机械表征对于理解与言语处理问题相关的一系列障碍是必不可少的。从儿童时期的阅读障碍和自闭症到老年人的失语症和阿尔茨海默病，与健康有关的现象一再与复杂信号的听觉分析和适当处理单词的能力有关。创新的诊断、介入和治疗方法的发展关键取决于我们对人类语言过程的大脑基础的丰富知识。