Cortical mechaisms in speech perception: MEG studies

言语感知中的皮质机制：MEG 研究

• 批准号: 7435476
• 负责人: DAVID E POEPPEL
• 金额: $ 49.95万
• 依托单位: UNIV OF MARYLAND, COLLEGE PARK
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2002
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2002-08-01 至 2008-07-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/7435476
• 关键词: Accounting; Acoustics; Address; Afferent Pathways; Alzheimer' s Disease; Anatomic Models; Anatomy; Aphasia; Area; Auditory; Auditory area; Auditory system; Autistic Disorder; Base of the Brain; Behavioral; Bilateral; Binding; Brain; Cells; Cerebrum; Childhood; Clinical Research; Communication; Communication impairment; Complex; Computer Simulation; Data; Development; Diagnostic; Dictionary; Disease; Dorsal; Dyslexia; Electroencephalography; Facility Construction Funding Category; Foundations; Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Gap Junctions; Goals; Hearing; Human; Image; Invasive; Investigation; Knowledge; Lead; Lesion; Linguistics; Link; Magnetoencephalography; Maps; Mediating; Methods; Modality; Modeling; Nature; Neurobiology; Neurons; Nexus (resin cement); Pathology; Process; Property; Psyche structure; Psycholinguistics; Psychophysics; Psychophysiology; Range; Research; Resolution; Sampling; Sensory; Series; Signal Transduction; Speech; Speech Perception; Speech Sound; Stimulus; Stream; Structure; Temporal Lobe; Testing; Therapeutic; Time; Vision; Visual; Word Processing; Work; Writing; abstracting; age related; aging population; base; cognitive neuroscience; computerized data processing; concept; innovation; language processing; lexical; neurophysiology; phonology; preconditioning; programs; research study; skills; sound; speech processing; theories

The representation of speech and other complex auditory signals in the human brain constitutes a major interdisciplinary challenge for cognitive neuroscience. Understanding in a principled manner how acoustic signals are transformed and ultimately recognized as words in a speaker's mental dictionary requires the integration of knowledge across fields ranging from single-cell recording in auditory cortex to linguistic theory. The research program outlined here is focused on two subroutines in speech processing. In the context of the first specific aim, the hypothesis is investigated that speech is analyzed concurrently on two time scales in human auditory cortex, with one corresponding to analysis at the syllabic scale, another at the segmental (phonemic) scale. This multi-time resolution model, which provides an account of hemispheric asymmetry in audition, is tested in a series of behavioral and electrophysiological studies. The goal is to provide a theoretically motivated and neurobiologically sensible answer to how acoustic signals are fractionated in time and how they map to words stored in the brain. The second aim encompasses both behavioral (often audio-visual) and electrophysiological studies that test how (specifically, how abstractly) speech and words are represented in the human brain. The goal is to test models of the cortical encoding of speech sounds and words. The principal method used in this research program is magnetoencephalography (MEG), typically with parallel behavioral studies performed. Other non-invasive recording modalities are also employed (EEC, fMRI) to validate and extend data from any single approach. ( Successfully perceiving speech and recognizing words are processes at the basis of human communication. A mechanistic characterization of the brain structures that mediate these skills is essential to understand the range of disorders associated with problems in speech processing. Health-related phenomena ranging from dyslexia and autism in childhood to aphasia and Alzheimer's disease in the aging population have been repeatedly linked to problems with the auditory analysis of complex signals and the ability to process words appropriately. The development of innovative diagnostic, interventional, and therapeutic approaches critically depends on our enriched knowledge of the brain basis of the processes underlying human speech.

语言和其他复杂的听觉信号在人脑中的表现构成了一个主要的神经系统