Cortical Mechanisms in Speech Perception: MEG Studies

言语感知中的皮质机制：MEG 研究

• 批准号: 8697595
• 负责人: DAVID E POEPPEL
• 金额: $ 55.1万
• 依托单位: NEW YORK UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2002
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2002-08-01 至 2019-03-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8697595
• 关键词: Acoustics; Address; Adopted; Anatomy; Animals; Applications Grants; Architecture; Auditory; Auditory Hallucination; Auditory Perception; Base of the Brain; Brain; Cerebrum; Code; Cognition; Complex; Comprehension; Continuous Ambulatory Peritoneal Dialysis; Data; Development; Disease; Dorsal; Dyslexia; Ear; Electroencephalography; Feedback; Fractionation; Frequencies; Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Goals; Health; Hearing; Hearing problem; Human; Image; Language; Language Disorders; Left; Lesion; Linguistics; Link; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Maps; Mediating; Modeling; Neurobiology; Neurons; Output; Parietal Lobe; Pathology; Pathway interactions; Perception; Play; Positioning Attribute; Positron-Emission Tomography; Process; Production; Property; Relative (related person); Research; Resolution; Role; Shapes; Signal Transduction; Specific qualifier value; Speech; Speech Disorders; Speech Perception; Stream; Structure; Structure of middle temporal gyrus; Stuttering; System; Techniques; Temporal Lobe; Testing; Time; Work; abstracting; base; cognitive neuroscience; design; developmental disease; experience; frontal lobe; hemodynamics; insight; language comprehension; language processing; lexical; neuroimaging; neurophysiology; neuropsychological; news; operation; programs; psychologic; public health relevance; relating to nervous system; research study; sound; speech processing; speech recognition

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Communicating using spoken language feels effortless and automatic to healthy listeners with no hearing deficits or language processing problems. But the subjective ease belies the number and complexity of the many operations that -in aggregate- constitute speech perception. Transforming the acoustic signals that arrive at the ear into the abstract representations that underpin language processing requires a large number of little steps. When one or several of these intermediate operations malfunction, pathologies of hearing, speech perception, or language processing can be the consequence. Developing a theoretically well motivated and mechanistic, neurobiologically grounded understanding of this system remains one of the foundational challenges of the cognitive neuroscience of hearing, speech, and language. The research program outlined in this grant proposal strives to further develop a brain-based model of speech perception that is motivated by the insights of linguistic and psychological research, on the one hand, and is sensitive to the physical (acoustic) and neurobiological constraints of speech processing, on the other. The proposed experiments use the noninvasive electrophysiological neuroimaging technique magnetoencephalopgraphy (MEG), paired with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). MEG is particularly useful because it combines very high temporal resolution (necessary because speech processing is fast) with good spatial resolution (necessary to understand the anatomic organization of the system). We investigate the speech processing system in the context of three specific research aims. The focus of the first aim is to understand more precisely the functional architecture in the brain. In particular, we want to understand the computational contribution of the critical regions mediating the processing of speech, both in perception and production. Furthermore, we test whether the same architectural (dual stream) model helps us understand both the perception of speech (old news) and the covert (internal) and overt production of speech (new news). The studies in the second aim test whether intrinsic brain rhythms (neural oscillations) that one observes (in animal and human studies) have a causal role in speech processing, as has recently been hypothesized. For example, the alignment of slow brain rhythms with the input signal may be necessary to understand speech (by parsing the continuous spoken input into the right 'chunk size' for further analysis). In the third aim, we turn to the perennial puzzle of brain asymmetry and its role in speech processing. We evaluate, building on the studies of oscillations, whether left and right auditory regions execute the same or different analyses of the speech input. As a group, these studies serve to further specify the 'parts list' of auditory and speech processing, with a special emphasis on timing and its implications for health and disease.

描述（由申请人提供）：使用口语交流感觉轻松和自动健康的听众没有听力障碍或语言处理问题。但是主观上的轻松掩盖了构成言语感知的许多操作的数量和复杂性。将到达耳朵的声学信号转换为支持语言处理的抽象表示需要大量的小步骤。当这些中间操作中的一个或几个发生故障时，听力，言语感知或语言处理的病理可能是后果。对该系统进行理论上有充分动机的、机械的、基于神经生物学的理解仍然是听力、言语和语言认知神经科学的基本挑战之一。该拨款申请中概述的研究计划旨在进一步开发基于大脑的语音感知模型，该模型一方面受到语言学和心理学研究的启发，另一方面对语音处理的物理（声学）和神经生物学约束敏感。拟议的实验使用非侵入性电生理神经成像技术脑磁图（MEG），与磁共振成像（MRI）配对。MEG特别有用，因为它结合了非常高的时间分辨率（因为语音处理速度快）和良好的空间分辨率（理解系统的解剖组织所必需的）。我们调查的语音处理系统的背景下，三个具体的研究目标。第一个目标的重点是更精确地理解大脑的功能结构。特别是，我们想了解的关键区域调解处理的语音，无论是在感知和生产的计算贡献。此外，我们测试是否相同的架构（双流）模型可以帮助我们理解的感知语音（旧新闻）和隐蔽（内部）和公开生产的语音（新新闻）。第二个目标中的研究测试了人们观察到的内在脑节律（神经振荡）（在动物和人类研究中）是否在语音处理中具有因果关系，正如最近假设的那样。例如，缓慢的脑节律与输入信号的对齐对于理解语音可能是必要的（通过将连续的口语输入解析成正确的“块大小”以供进一步分析）。第三个目标，我们 转向大脑不对称性及其在语音处理中的作用这一长期存在的难题。我们评估，振荡的研究的基础上，无论是左，右听觉区域执行相同或不同的分析的语音输入。作为一个整体，这些研究有助于进一步明确听觉和语言处理的“部分列表”，特别强调时间及其对健康和疾病的影响。