HEMISPERIC: SPECIALIZATION AND INTERACTION

半球：专业化和互动

• 批准号: 6639372
• 负责人: ERAN ZAIDEL
• 金额: $ 37.69万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA LOS ANGELES
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 1983
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1983-12-01 至 2007-03-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/6639372
• 关键词: attention; brain interhemispheric activity; cerebral dominance; clinical research; cognition; corpus callosums; functional magnetic resonance imaging; human subject; interhemispheric transfer; language; magnetic resonance imaging; neural information processing; neuroanatomy; neuropsychology; perception; phonology; speech; split brain

DESCRIPTION: (Adapted from the Investigator's Abstract) The proposed research program aims to unravel the persisting mystery of hemispheric specialization and interhemispheric interaction in the human mind/brain. We will carry out coordinated experiments with normal subjects, hemisphere damaged patients, and split brain patients, using convergent behavioral and physiological methods. The program addresses general issues in cognitive neuroscience concerning modularity, intermodular communication, and control of parallel processing in independent modules. A core set of three lateralized behavioral experiments will investigate (1) hemispheric specialization and interdependence, (2) explicit and implicit interhemispheric transfer, and (3) interhemispheric control of parallel processing. Each experimental paradigm includes an intrahemispheric component for studying hemispheric independence, and an interhemispheric component for studying interhemispheric interaction and control. The same behavioral experiments will be administered to patients with (1) complete cerebral commissurotomy, (2) agenesis of the corpus callosum, and (3) partial callosotomy, both pre- and post-surgically. The first paradigm is dichotic listening to words and accents. It measures complementary left hemispheric specialization for linguistic phonetic analysis and right hemisphere specialization for social/pragmatic aspects of communication. The second paradigm is lexical decision of lateralized targets with distractors in the opposite visual hemifield. It measures independent word recognition, independent error monitoring in the two hemispheres, and implicit priming across the hemispheres. The third paradigm is perceptual matching of letters by shape or by name within and between the hemispheres. It measures the ability of the hemispheres to process information in parallel in complex tasks. Together, the three experimental paradigms developed in this proposal provide a compact but comprehensive and exquisitely sensitive battery of tests of interhemispheric relations. This battery can then be used for studying individual or group differences in interhemispheric relations in normal and pathological populations, such as acquired aphasia, congenital dyslexia and schizophrenia. Results promise better understanding and possible control and reversal of pathology due to abnormal cerebral activation or impaired interhemispheric communication.

描述：(改编自《调查者摘要》) 拟议的研究计划旨在解开持续存在的 人类大脑半球特化与大脑半球间相互作用 头脑/大脑。我们将与正常受试者进行协同实验， 大脑半球受损患者和脑分裂患者，使用融合 行为和生理方法。该计划解决的一般问题是 认知神经科学，关于模块化，模块间交流，和 控制独立模块中的并行处理。 一个由三个侧化行为实验组成的核心集合将调查(1) 半球专业化和相互依赖，(2)显性和隐性 半球间迁移，以及(3)平行的半球间控制 正在处理。每个实验范式都包括一个半球内部分 用于研究半球独立性，以及一个半球间分量，用于 研究大脑半球间的相互作用和控制。同样的行为 实验将适用于(1)完全脑部疾病的患者 连合切断术，(2)胼胝体发育不全，(3)部分 手术前和手术后的骨痂切开术。 第一个范例是听单词和口音的二分法。IT测量 用于语言语音分析的互补左半球特化 和右半球的社交/实用方面的专业化 沟通。第二种范式是侧化目标的词汇决定 在相反的视觉半视野中有分心物。它测量的是独立单词 识别，两个半球独立的误差监测，隐式 在两个半球之间起爆。第三种范式是知觉匹配 在两个半球内和两个半球之间按形状或名称排列的字母。它测量的是 大脑半球在复杂任务中并行处理信息的能力。 该提案中开发的三个实验范式一起提供了一个 紧凑但全面和精致灵敏的电池测试 两个半球之间的关系。这块电池可以用来学习 正常儿童和正常儿童在大脑半球间关系上的个体或群体差异 病理性人群，如获得性失语症、先天性阅读障碍和 精神分裂症。结果预示着更好的理解和可能的控制 脑异常激活或受损引起的病理逆转 大脑半球间的交流。