SINGAPORE COHORT STUDY OF DIET AND CANCER

这是一项继续资助60,000名年龄在45-74岁的新加坡华裔男女居住队列的请求。该队列于1993年4月启动。在招聘时，每个队列受试者都会由一名训练有素的面试者亲自进行面试，使用的是一份侧重于当前饮食的结构化问卷。通过与新加坡人口癌症登记处和新加坡生命统计办公室的记录联系，被动地跟踪了癌症和死亡的发生情况。如赠款申请中所示，这种具有成本效益的后续行动方法产生的癌症和死亡发生率与预期的数字一样，是根据适用于所研究队列的累积观察人年的特定年龄性别的一般人口比率计算的。从1994年4月开始，3%的随机样本被重新联系，并被要求提供血液和现场尿样。我们建议将血液和现场尿液采集扩大到队列中75岁以下所有幸存成员的50%。这一生物脊椎亚群的预期规模约为23,000人。队列成员的血液和尿液样本的可用性将使我们能够使用生化标记物来评估暴露，并将遗传因素包括在暴露与疾病关联研究中。在接下来的五年中，将进行一系列饮食/癌症分析。其目的是(1)确定广东咸鱼和相关食物是鼻咽癌(NPC)和高危南方人的主要病因，并评估新鲜水果和蔬菜及其相关微量营养素对鼻咽癌发生的可能有益影响；(2)确定饮食中异硫氰酸酯、类胡萝卜素、生育酚、维生素C和硒在肺癌发生中的独立和交互作用，并评估它们在吸烟/肺癌关联中的作用；(3)确定膳食大豆和各种膳食脂肪(总、饱和、单不饱和、多不饱和、n-3和n-6脂肪酸)在女性乳腺癌发生中的作用；及。(4)确定饮食中异硫氰酸酯和大豆在结直肠癌发生中的作用。

This is a request for continued funding of a residential cohort of 60,000 Singapore Chinese men and women aged 45-74 years. The cohort was initiated in April 1993. At recruitment, each cohort subject is interviewed in-person by a trained interviewer using a structured questionnaire that focuses on current diet. The cohort has been passively followed for the occurrence of cancer and death through record linkage with the population-based Singapore Cancer Registry and the Singapore Vital Statistics Office. As shown in the grant application, this cost- efficient method of follow-up generates numbers of incident cancers and deaths that are as expected based on age-sex-specific general population rates applied to cumulative person-years of observation of the studied cohort. Beginning in April 1994, a 3 percent random sample of enrolled subjects were re-contacted and asked to provide a blood and spot urine sample. We propose to extend the blood and spot urine collection to 50 percent of all surviving members of the cohort under age 75 years. The expected size of this biospecimen subcohort is approximately 23,000. The availability of blood and urine specimens on cohort members will enable us to employ biochemical markers to assess exposures and to include genetic factors in exposure-disease association studies. A series of diet/cancer analyses will be conducted during the next five years. The aims are (1) to confirm Cantonese salted fish and related foods as major etiologic agents of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) and high-risk southern Chinese, and to evaluate the possibly beneficial effects of fresh fruit and vegetables and associated micronutrients on NPC development; (2) to determine the independent and interactive roles of dietary isothiocyanates, carotenoids, tocopherols, vitamin C and selenium in lung carcinogenesis, and to evaluate their effects on the smoking/lung cancer association; (3) to determine the roles of dietary soy and various types of dietary fat (total, saturated, monounsaturated, polyunsaturated, n-3 and n-6 fatty acids) in the development of female breast cancer; and (4) to determine the roles of dietary isothiocyanates and soy in the development of colorectal cancer.