SINGAPORE COHORT STUDY OF DIET AND CANCER

这是一项继续资助60，000名年龄在45-74岁之间的新加坡华人男性和女性的住宅队列的请求。该队列于1993年4月启动。 在招募时，每个队列受试者都由经过培训的面试官使用结构化问卷进行面谈，重点是当前的饮食。 通过与基于人口的新加坡癌症登记处和新加坡生命统计局的记录联系，对该队列的癌症和死亡发生率进行了被动随访。 如补助金申请所示，这种具有成本效益的随访方法产生的癌症和死亡事件数量与基于年龄-性别-特定的一般人群比率应用于所研究队列的累积观察人年的预期相同。从1994年4月开始，重新联系了3%的随机样本，并要求提供血液和尿液样本。 我们建议将血液和现场尿液收集扩展到75岁以下队列中所有存活成员的50%。 该生物样本子队列的预期规模约为23，000。 队列成员的血液和尿液样本的可用性将使我们能够采用生化标志物来评估暴露，并将遗传因素纳入疾病相关性研究。在未来五年内将进行一系列饮食/癌症分析。 目的是（1）确定广东咸鱼及其相关食品是鼻咽癌（NPC）和南方高危人群的主要病原体，并评价新鲜水果和蔬菜及其相关微量营养素对NPC发生的可能有益作用;（2）确定膳食中异硫氰酸酯、类胡萝卜素、生育酚、维生素C和硒在肺癌发生中的独立和交互作用，并评估其对吸烟/肺癌关联的影响;（3）确定饮食大豆和各种类型的饮食脂肪（总脂肪酸、饱和脂肪酸、单不饱和脂肪酸、多不饱和脂肪酸、n-3和n-6脂肪酸）在女性乳腺癌发展中的作用;（4）确定饮食异硫氰酸酯和大豆在结肠直肠癌发展中的作用。

This is a request for continued funding of a residential cohort of 60,000 Singapore Chinese men and women aged 45-74 years. The cohort was initiated in April 1993. At recruitment, each cohort subject is interviewed in-person by a trained interviewer using a structured questionnaire that focuses on current diet. The cohort has been passively followed for the occurrence of cancer and death through record linkage with the population-based Singapore Cancer Registry and the Singapore Vital Statistics Office. As shown in the grant application, this cost- efficient method of follow-up generates numbers of incident cancers and deaths that are as expected based on age-sex-specific general population rates applied to cumulative person-years of observation of the studied cohort. Beginning in April 1994, a 3 percent random sample of enrolled subjects were re-contacted and asked to provide a blood and spot urine sample. We propose to extend the blood and spot urine collection to 50 percent of all surviving members of the cohort under age 75 years. The expected size of this biospecimen subcohort is approximately 23,000. The availability of blood and urine specimens on cohort members will enable us to employ biochemical markers to assess exposures and to include genetic factors in exposure-disease association studies. A series of diet/cancer analyses will be conducted during the next five years. The aims are (1) to confirm Cantonese salted fish and related foods as major etiologic agents of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) and high-risk southern Chinese, and to evaluate the possibly beneficial effects of fresh fruit and vegetables and associated micronutrients on NPC development; (2) to determine the independent and interactive roles of dietary isothiocyanates, carotenoids, tocopherols, vitamin C and selenium in lung carcinogenesis, and to evaluate their effects on the smoking/lung cancer association; (3) to determine the roles of dietary soy and various types of dietary fat (total, saturated, monounsaturated, polyunsaturated, n-3 and n-6 fatty acids) in the development of female breast cancer; and (4) to determine the roles of dietary isothiocyanates and soy in the development of colorectal cancer.