The impact of state and federal government development policy on the contribution of nature to the wellbeing of Indigenous people in the Brazilian Ama

州和联邦政府的发展政策对自然对巴西阿玛原住民福祉的贡献的影响

• 批准号: 2309728
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: King's College London
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Studentship
• 财政年份: 2019
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2019 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=studentship-2309728
• 关键词: impact; state; federal; government; development

Whilst my interests span broadly across the political ecologyof Latin America, the political changes taking place in Brazilopen up many research opportunities. In short, this projectwill evaluate the impacts of state and federal government,economic and agricultural developments, and policy reformon ecosystem services in Indigenous territories. I propose aPhD project that will, (i) build on IPBES' conceptual frameworkto conduct a socially-orientated environmental valuation ofone or more of Brazil's Amazonian Indigenous territories; (ii)assess the impact or potential impact of state and federalgovernment, policy reform, and development projects onnature's contribution to Indigenous peoples.So, I pose the following research aims:8 / 111. To critically assess how the ways that Indigenous peoplesvalue nature is communicated to (and acted on by) decisionmakers.2. Using participatory methods, evaluate how ecosystemservices in Indigenous territories have been impacted byState and federal Government and private-led developmentsand policy reforms.3. Assess the effects ecosystem services impacts have hadon Indigenous livelihoods.Context and Justification:The Brazilian Amazon is one of the most biodiverse places inthe world, and it sustains the livelihoods of hundreds ofIndigenous tribes. Indigenous communities depend upon theforest for food, fuelwood, curating medicines, taking part ineconomic activities, and providing materials to make objectsfor use in everyday life (Posey 1985). With the promise fromthe new Brazilian Government that protected areas(including Indigenous territories) in the Amazon will beopened up to economic development and agriculturalexpansion (Escobar 2018), we can anticipate that manyrural, indigenous, and other smallholder communities will beseverely impacted. Whilst I am aware that, at present, theimpacts arising from the change of Brazilian Governmentremain for the most part unclear, huge social and ecologicalchanges are anticipated. For instance, the responsibility ofthe management of Indigenous territories has already beenremoved from FUNAI (Brazil's National Indian Foundation),and instead given to the Ministry of Agriculture; who havelong supported agricultural expansion and large-scaledevelopment projects (Fearnside 2015; Schmink et al. 2017).The new Brazilian Government has emphasised economicand large-scale developments in the Amazon by promotingagribusiness, large infrastructure, and mining, for example.This development agenda, however, does not account forIndigenous inhabitants and their environments in that theirviews are not accounted for and their legal rights arecontinually ignored. Government and privately-funded largescale development projects have long impacted Indigenousareas, particularly in forests, putting historic cultures andbiodiversity at risk (Ramirez-Gomez et al. 2016).This project will focus on ecosystem services in IndiIndigenousterritories. Ecosystem services in this study, however, will bereferred to as nature's contributions to people (NCP) tohighlight the shift away from the idea of services, tocontribution (Diaz et al 2015, 2018). NCP can contribute tohuman production and consumption, and also providecommunities with health, cultural, and spiritual benefits.Research in this area has often been conducted in protected,forested, and rural areas. Ramirez-Gomez et al. (2016), forinstance, argue for the integration of research on NCP intoconservation efforts and planning.

虽然我的兴趣广泛跨越拉丁美洲的政治生态，但巴西发生的政治变化开辟了许多研究机会。简而言之，该项目评估了州和联邦政府、经济和农业发展以及政策改革对土著领地生态系统服务的影响。我提出了一个博士项目，将（i）建立在IPBES的概念框架上，对一个或多个巴西亚马逊土著领土进行社会导向的环境评估;（ii）评估州和联邦政府、政策改革和发展项目对自然对土著人民的贡献的影响或潜在影响。批判性地评估土著人民如何将自然价值观传达给决策者（并由决策者采取行动）。使用参与式方法，评估州和联邦政府以及私人主导的发展和政策改革如何影响土著领地的生态系统服务.评估生态系统服务对原住民生计的影响。背景和理由：巴西亚马逊是世界上生物多样性最丰富的地方之一，它维持着数百个原住民部落的生计。土著社区依靠森林获取食物、薪柴、医药、参与经济活动，并提供材料制造日常生活中使用的物品（Posey 1985）。随着巴西新政府承诺亚马逊保护区（包括土著领土）将开放经济发展和农业扩张（Escobar 2018），我们可以预期许多农村，土著和其他小农社区将受到严重影响。虽然我知道，目前，巴西政府的变化所产生的影响在很大程度上仍然不清楚，但预计会发生巨大的社会和生态变化。例如，管理土著领地的责任已经从国家印第安人基金会中取消，（巴西国家印第安人基金会），而不是给农业部;谁一直支持农业扩张和大规模的发展项目（Fearnside 2015; Schmink et al. 2017）。巴西新政府通过促进农业综合企业，然而，这一发展议程并没有考虑到土著居民及其环境，因为他们的意见没有得到考虑，他们的法律的权利不断受到忽视。长期以来，政府和私人资助的大规模开发项目一直影响着土著地区，特别是森林地区，使历史文化和生物多样性处于危险之中（Ramirez-Gomez et al. 2016）。该项目将重点关注土著地区的生态系统服务。然而，本研究中的生态系统服务将被称为自然对人类的贡献（NCP），以突出从服务概念到贡献的转变（迪亚兹等人，2015，2018）。NCP可以促进人类的生产和消费，也可以提供健康、文化和精神利益的社区。这一领域的研究通常在保护区、森林和农村地区进行。例如，Ramirez-Gomez et al.（2016）主张将NCP研究纳入保护工作和规划。