Optical Coherence Domain Reflectometry in Brain Probes

描述(由申请人提供)： 本项目的目标是开发光学相干域反射仪(OCDR)，用于在图像引导下在脑深部结构中准确放置治疗探针。精确的引导将大大提高植入电极的脑深部刺激(DBS)的有效性和安全性。DBS是FDA批准的治疗帕金森氏症和特发性震颤的药物，在药物治疗不足时提供长期缓解症状。它也是治疗顽固性肌张力障碍、癫痫和强迫症的一种有前途的疗法。虽然DBS有效，但目前并不是一线治疗，因为精确放置存在困难，以及导致出血性中风和其他并发症的风险。此外，目前需要长时间的术中电记录和刺激反应观察来定位探头。嵌入式OCDR传感器可以在探头尖端前几毫米提供有关大脑结构的信息，从而实现更准确、快速和安全的放置。这些改进将使星展银行受益于更多的患者。OCDR引导的脑深部探头还可以在基因治疗、神经移植、神经消融和药物治疗中提供精确的治疗载体。研究人员包括一名生物医学应用中OCDR和光学相干断层扫描(OCT)的原始开发者，以及一名DBS技术的专家从业者和开发者。该团队的综合专业知识将采用几种有前景的方法，通过微型探头使用OCDR识别脑组织类型(皮质、束、核和血管)。具体目标如下：目标1：研制一种OCDR/微电极联合脑探头。目的2：使用双波长OCDR系统区分脑组织类型，该系统测量组织的反射率、衰减率、水合作用和双折射。目的3：通过多普勒频移和OCDR频谱展宽检测血管。目的4：开发分析显示软件，识别组织，引导探头前进。OCDR脑探针技术将在实验室进行验证，并在老鼠模型上进行测试。在这个试点项目中获得的实用知识将用于开发临床OCDR引导的深部脑探头，用于人类DBS研究。该项目的成功完成将极大地惠及患有许多神经和精神障碍的患者。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): The goal of this project is to develop optical coherence domain reflectometry (OCDR) for accurate image guided placement of treatment probes in deep-brain structures. Refined guidance would greatly enhance the effectiveness and safety of deep-brain stimulation (DBS) with implanted electrodes. DBS is an FDA-approved treatment for Parkinson's disease and essential tremor that provides long-term relief of symptoms when medications are inadequate. It is also a promising therapy for intractable dystonia, epilepsy, and obsessive-compulsive disorder. Although effective, DBS is not currently a first-line treatment because of difficulties with precise placement, as well as risks of causing hemorrhagic stroke and other complications. Moreover, lengthy intraoperative electrical recordings and stimulus-response observations are currently required to position the probe. An embedded OCDR sensor may provide information on brain structures several millimeters ahead of the probe tip, enabling more precise, rapid, and safe placement. These improvements would allow DBS to benefit more patients. OCDR-guided deep-brain probes could also provide precise delivery of therapeutic vehicles in gene therapy, neurotransplantation, neuro-ablation, and pharmacologic treatments. The investigators include an original developer of OCDR and optical coherence tomography (OCT) in biomedical applications and an expert practitioner and developer of the DBS technique. The combined expertise of this team will take several promising approaches to using OCDR to identify brain tissue types (cortex, tracts, nuclei, and blood vessels) through a miniature probe. The following Specific Aims are proposed: Aim 1: Develop a combined OCDR/microelectrode brain probe. Aim 2: Distinguish brain tissue types using a dual-wavelength OCDR system that measures tissue reflectivity, attenuation, hydration, and birefringence. Aim 3: Detect blood vessels by Doppler shift and broadening of OCDR spectrum. Aim 4: Develop analysis & display software to identify tissues and guide probe advance. The OCDR brain probe technology will be validated in the laboratory and tested in a rat model. The practical knowledge gained in this pilot project will be used to develop a clinical OCDR-guided deep-brain probe for human DBS studies. Successful completion of this project would greatly benefit patients with many neurologic and psychiatric disorders.