Optical Coherence Domain Reflectometry in Brain Probes

描述（由申请人提供）： 该项目的目标是开发光学相干域反射仪（OCDR），用于在脑深部结构中准确的图像引导治疗探头放置。精确的引导将大大提高植入电极的脑深部电刺激（DBS）的有效性和安全性。DBS是FDA批准的帕金森病和原发性震颤的治疗方法，在药物不足时可长期缓解症状。它也是一种很有前途的治疗顽固性肌张力障碍，癫痫和强迫症。DBS虽然有效，但目前不是一线治疗，因为难以精确放置，以及引起出血性中风和其他并发症的风险。此外，目前需要长时间的术中电记录和刺激反应观察来定位探针。嵌入式OCDR传感器可以提供关于探针尖端前方几毫米的大脑结构的信息，从而实现更精确、快速和安全的放置。这些改进将使DBS使更多患者受益。OCDR引导的脑深部探针还可以在基因治疗、神经移植、神经消融和药物治疗中提供治疗载体的精确递送。研究人员包括OCDR和光学相干断层扫描（OCT）在生物医学应用中的原始开发人员以及DBS技术的专家实践者和开发人员。该团队的综合专业知识将采取几种有前途的方法，通过微型探针使用OCDR来识别脑组织类型（皮层，束，核和血管）。提出了以下具体目标：目标1：开发一种组合式OCDR/微电极脑探头。目标二：使用测量组织反射率、衰减、水合作用和双折射的双波长OCDR系统区分脑组织类型。目的3：利用OCDR谱的多普勒频移和展宽来检测血管。目的4：开发分析显示软件，用于识别组织和引导探头前进。OCDR脑探针技术将在实验室进行验证，并在大鼠模型中进行测试。在该试点项目中获得的实践知识将用于开发用于人类DBS研究的临床OCDR引导的深部脑探头。该项目的成功完成将大大有利于许多神经和精神疾病的患者。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): The goal of this project is to develop optical coherence domain reflectometry (OCDR) for accurate image guided placement of treatment probes in deep-brain structures. Refined guidance would greatly enhance the effectiveness and safety of deep-brain stimulation (DBS) with implanted electrodes. DBS is an FDA-approved treatment for Parkinson's disease and essential tremor that provides long-term relief of symptoms when medications are inadequate. It is also a promising therapy for intractable dystonia, epilepsy, and obsessive-compulsive disorder. Although effective, DBS is not currently a first-line treatment because of difficulties with precise placement, as well as risks of causing hemorrhagic stroke and other complications. Moreover, lengthy intraoperative electrical recordings and stimulus-response observations are currently required to position the probe. An embedded OCDR sensor may provide information on brain structures several millimeters ahead of the probe tip, enabling more precise, rapid, and safe placement. These improvements would allow DBS to benefit more patients. OCDR-guided deep-brain probes could also provide precise delivery of therapeutic vehicles in gene therapy, neurotransplantation, neuro-ablation, and pharmacologic treatments. The investigators include an original developer of OCDR and optical coherence tomography (OCT) in biomedical applications and an expert practitioner and developer of the DBS technique. The combined expertise of this team will take several promising approaches to using OCDR to identify brain tissue types (cortex, tracts, nuclei, and blood vessels) through a miniature probe. The following Specific Aims are proposed: Aim 1: Develop a combined OCDR/microelectrode brain probe. Aim 2: Distinguish brain tissue types using a dual-wavelength OCDR system that measures tissue reflectivity, attenuation, hydration, and birefringence. Aim 3: Detect blood vessels by Doppler shift and broadening of OCDR spectrum. Aim 4: Develop analysis & display software to identify tissues and guide probe advance. The OCDR brain probe technology will be validated in the laboratory and tested in a rat model. The practical knowledge gained in this pilot project will be used to develop a clinical OCDR-guided deep-brain probe for human DBS studies. Successful completion of this project would greatly benefit patients with many neurologic and psychiatric disorders.