Neighborhoods and cardiovascular risk (RMI)

描述（由申请人提供）：本补充“多种族队列中的社区和心血管风险”（R01 HL071759）将建立在父母资助中开展的工作的基础上，以改进与心血管结果相关的社区水平属性的测量。在快速发展的社区健康影响调查领域，社区水平属性的测量仍然是一个关键挑战。关于不同类型的邻里环境测量的可靠性，以及自我报告和客观测量之间的一致性的信息很少。此外，基于每个区域的少量观察结果，使用多层技术为小区域开发改进的邻里水平结构措施仍处于起步阶段。本补充的目的是：(1)调查邻域属性自我报告测量的可靠性(2)。研究基于gis的邻里环境测度与自我报告的邻里环境测度之间的一致性。(3)研究利用人口普查数据，利用多层技术改进邻里水平属性的经验贝叶斯估计；(4)评估替代测量和估算策略对观察性研究中邻里健康效应估算的影响。作为这一方法补充的一部分，将开展的工作将与根据父母赠款计划进行的分析直接相关：(1)量化所使用措施的可靠性；(2)改进邻里水平限制的估计，作为MESA队列中邻里水平因素与健康结果相关模型的预测因子。更一般地说，提出的工作将通过提供邻里水平测量的可靠性和有效性的估计，并通过进一步发展计量经济学技术在邻里水平结构测量中的应用，为未来测量邻里水平属性的研究提供信息。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): This supplement to "Neighborhoods and Cardiovascular Risk in a Multiethnic Cohort" (R01 HL071759) will build on work carried out in the parent grant in order to improve the measures of neighborhood-level attributes to be examined in relation to cardiovascular outcomes. The measurement of neighborhood-level attributes remains a key challenge in the rapidly growing field of the investigation of neighborhood health effects. There is scant information on the reliability of different types of measures of neighborhood environments, and on the agreement between self-reported and objective measures. In addition, the use of multilevel techniques to develop improved measures of neighborhood-level constructs for small areas based on small numbers of observations in each area remains in its infancy. The objectives of this supplement are (1) To investigate the reliability of self-reported measures of neighborhood attributes (2). To investigate the agreement between GIS-based measures and self-reported measures of the neighborhood environment (3) To investigate the use of census data to improve empirical-Bayes estimates of neighborhood-level attributes using multilevel techniques; and (4) To evaluate the impact of alternate measurement and estimation strategies on estimates of neighborhood-health effects obtained from observational studies. The work to be carried out as part of this methodological supplement will be of direct relevance to the analyses planned under the parent grant by (1) quantifying the reliability of the measures used and (2) improving the estimates of neighborhood-level constricts to be used as predictors in models relating neighborhood-level factors to health outcomes in the MESA cohort. More generally, the work proposed will inform future studies that measure neighborhood-level attributes by providing estimates of the reliability and validity of neighborhood-level measures and by further developing the application of econometric techniques to the measurement of neighborhood-level constructs.