Alchohol & Women's Cognitive Mediation--HIV Risk Taking

酒精

• 批准号: 6944537
• 负责人: JEANETTE NORRIS
• 金额: $ 44.14万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF WASHINGTON
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2003
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2003-09-22 至 2008-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/6944537
• 关键词: HIV infections; adolescence (12-20); age difference; alcoholic beverage consumption; behavioral /social science research tag; clinical research; condoms; decision making; disease /disorder proneness /risk; expectancy; female; high risk behavior /lifestyle; human subject; neuropharmacology; psychological models; questionnaires; safe sex /sex abstinence; sex behavior; substance abuse related behavior; women' s health; young adult human (21-34)

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): The proportion of all AIDS cases reported among women has more than tripled since 1985. It appears that relationships with men are the greatest source of HIV risk for women. Women's ability to successfully negotiate is an important component of the process. Although the ultimate decision to use preventative measures is the man's, in a consensual encounter, there is still an opportunity for a woman to insist or influence that decision. Alcohol consumption can interfere with the effectiveness of a woman's negotiation and the decision not to be involved in risky behavior. We propose that these outcomes are cognitively mediated by a series of primary and secondary appraisals during these encounters. Primary appraisals are those directed toward recognizing that a situation is likely to lead to these inevitable men-women encounters. Secondary appraisals involve assessing the advantages and disadvantages of engaging in negotiation, and can influence the effectiveness of the negotiation. In addition to being influenced by alcohol, both directly through actual consumption and indirectly through expectancies, these secondary appraisals and subsequent negotiation can be influenced by the type of relationship the woman has with the man and her knowledge about his relationship history. Ultimately these will lead to her decision whether to have unprotected relationship. Theoretical models of cognitive mediation and the effects of alcohol consumption and expectancies provide the foundation for this work. Four experiments are proposed to investigate physiological and expectancy set effects in young women of drinking age. An additional four experiments will investigate the role of alcohol expectancies in 18-20 year old women. Manipulated variables in the between-subjects experimental design include relationship type and knowledge of partner's relationship history, depending on the experiment. The role of background factors related to the relational self, and victimization history will also be examined. This work will provide important information about how women's alcohol consumption and expectancies about relationships affect their assessment of situations, negotiation, and decisions about unprotected involvement. Findings have implications for designing prevention interventions, especially related to alcohol's role as a risk factor for contracting HIV.

描述（由申请人提供）： 自1985年以来，妇女报告的所有艾滋病病例的比例增加了两倍多。看来，与男子的关系是妇女感染艾滋病毒的最大风险来源。妇女成功谈判的能力是这一进程的重要组成部分。尽管采取预防措施的最终决定权在男子，但在双方同意的情况下，妇女仍有机会坚持或影响这一决定。 饮酒会干扰女性谈判的有效性，以及不参与危险行为的决定。 我们认为，这些结果是认知介导的一系列的主要和次要的评价，在这些遭遇。主要的评估是那些直接认识到一种情况可能会导致这些不可避免的男女相遇。二次评估涉及评估参与谈判的利弊，并可能影响谈判的有效性。除了直接通过实际消费和间接通过预期受到酒精的影响外，这些次要评价和随后的谈判还可能受到女性与男性关系类型以及她对男性关系史的了解的影响。最终，这些将导致她决定是否有不受保护的关系。认知中介的理论模型以及酒精消费和期望的影响为这项工作提供了基础。四个实验，提出了调查生理和预期集的影响，在年轻女性的饮酒年龄。另外四个实验将研究酒精预期在18-20岁女性中的作用。受试者之间的实验设计中的操纵变量包括关系类型和合作伙伴的关系历史的知识，这取决于实验。与关系自我和受害历史相关的背景因素的作用也将被研究。这项工作将提供重要的信息，妇女的酒精消费和期望的关系如何影响他们的评估情况，谈判和决定无保护的参与。研究结果对设计预防干预措施具有影响，特别是与酒精作为感染艾滋病毒的风险因素有关。