Adolescent Peer Relations: Outcomes & Family Precursors

描述（由研究者提供）：这是一个竞争性的继续申请，旨在研究青少年在学习形成强大的、支持性的同伴关系的同时，努力抵抗适应不良的同伴压力的发展和后果。这项调查扩展了关于青少年发展自主性和与父母关系的理论，以探索青少年在面对不适当的同伴压力时努力表现出弹性的平行过程（例如，与同伴建立自主性）和形成适应性同伴关系在三个概念界定的研究： 研究I.同伴关系中自主性和关联性的发展。首先，我们试图提高我们的理解的同伴压力，我们的概念作为一个规范发生的威胁青少年自主权的建设。我们将同伴压力与其他不威胁青少年自主性的同伴影响形式区分开来，然后检验这一假设，即青少年在发展自主性的同时避免压力关系的成功与失败将预测整个青少年的社会适应水平。家庭互动作为发展同伴关系质量的预测因子。在这项研究中，我们解决的问题：在何种程度上，以何种方式做家庭作为一个舞台的青少年发展社会技能和期望，将决定他们的同伴互动的质量。我们还将研究在何种条件下，同伴关系可以缓冲有问题的家庭互动对心理健康的负面影响。同伴过程与关键适应结果的关系。在这项研究中，我们考虑如何发展同伴关系的质量，我们已经观察到，并预测在前两项研究预测关键的适应性结果，包括敌意与同行，危险的性行为，外化问题，抑郁症，社会孤立，并难以建立成功的浪漫关系。 我们使用来自172名青少年，他们的父母和同龄人的社会人口统计学异质性最终样本的密集，观察和多报告者数据来解决这些问题，最终每年对13至21岁的青少年进行随访。

DESCRIPTION (provided by investigator): This is a competing continuation application to study the development and consequences of adolescents' efforts to resist maladaptive peer pressure while still learning to form strong, supportive peer relationships. This investigation extends theories about adolescents' developing autonomy and relatedness with parents to explore parallel processes that occur as adolescents strive to demonstrate resiliency in the face of inappropriate peer pressure (e.g., establish autonomy with peers) and form adaptive peer relationships in three conceptually-bounded studies: Study I. Development of Autonomy and Relatedness in Peer Relationships. We first seek to sharpen our understanding of the construct of peer pressure, which we conceptualize as a normatively occurring threat to adolescent autonomy. We distinguish peer pressure from other forms of peer influence that do not threaten adolescent autonomy, and then test the hypothesis that adolescents' success vs. failure in avoiding pressuring relationships while developing autonomy maintaining relationships will predict levels of social adaptation across adolescence.Study II. Family Interactions As Predictors Of Developing Peer Relationship Qualities. In this study, we address the question: To what extent and in what ways does the family serve as a staging ground for the adolescent to develop social skills and expectations that will determine the quality of their peer interactions. We will also examine the conditions under which peer relationships may buffer the negative mental health effects of problematic family interactions.Study Ill. The Relation Of Peer Processes To Critical Adaptational Outcomes. In this study, we consider how the developing peer relationship qualities that we have observed and predicted in the first two studies predict critical adaptational outcomes including hostility with peers, risky sexual behavior, externalizing problems, depression, social isolation, and difficulty establishing successful romantic relationships. We address these questions using intensive, observational, and multiple-reporter data from a socio-demographically heterogeneous final sample of 172 adolescents, their parents, and peers, with adolescents ultimately being followed annually from ages 13 to 21.