EMOTIONAL MODULATION OF MEMORY BY THE HUMAN AMYGDALA

人类杏仁核对记忆的情绪调节

• 批准号: 7088967
• 负责人: RALPH ADOLPHS
• 金额: $ 25.13万
• 依托单位: CALIFORNIA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2004
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2004-06-01 至 2009-05-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/7088967
• 关键词: amygdala; behavioral /social science research tag; brain injury; clinical research; cortisol; disease /disorder onset; eye movements; gender difference; hippocampus; human subject; memory; neural information processing; neuropsychological tests; neuropsychology; psychological stressor; psychophysiology; questionnaires; visual perception; visual stimulus

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Emotionally arousing events are often remembered better and more vividly than neutral events. This phenomenon, emotional memory, has been studied extensively in normal subjects, and impairments in emotional memory are a hallmark of neurological and psychiatric diseases, yet little is known regarding the neural mechanisms whereby it occurs. Studies in humans and other animals have shown that emotional memory depends critically on the amygdala, and point to specific unanswered questions. At what point in information processing does the amygdala modulate emotional memory? Specifically, during what window of time does the amygdala exert its modulation of memory-- early during initial processing of stimuli, throughout an extended time while information about these stimuli is consolidated in memory, or even during retrieval? We aim to address these questions by examining memory for neutral and for emotional stimuli in over 60 subjects who have damage to the amygdala, and comparing their performances to those given by controls without such damage. We will monitor eye gaze and psychophysiology during different encoding conditions, and assess memory for the stimuli at various points in time subsequently. We will also experimentally directly manipulate eye movements to visual stimuli during encoding to examine their influence on subsequent memory, and directly manipulate somatic arousal with a cortisol-inducing stressor to examine its influence on subsequent memory. Moreover, we will investigate autobiographical emotional memory, in relation to the point in time at which amygdala damage was acquired in life. Additional analyses will examine whether impairments due to amygdala damage are dissociable from those due to hippocampal damage, whether the amygdala differentially affects memory for gist and for detail information, whether left and right amygdala make different contributions to emotional memory, and whether there are gender differences. Findings from the studies will inform our understanding of emotional memory dysfunction in neurological and psychiatric disease, can be compared to a large literature on the basic science of emotional memory from studies in animals, and will complement the correlations found in functional imaging studies by establishing a causal role for the amygdala in human emotional memory.

描述（由申请人提供）：与中性事件相比，人们通常会更好，更生动地记住情感上的事件。这种现象，情感记忆已经在正常受试者中进行了广泛的研究，情感记忆的障碍是神经和精神病疾病的标志，但关于它发生的神经机制知之甚少。在人类和其他动物中的研究表明，情绪记忆严重取决于杏仁核，并指出了特定的未解决问题。在信息处理的什么时候，杏仁核会调节情绪记忆？具体来说，在刺激的初始处理期间，在较长的时间内，杏仁核在什么时间窗口中施加了对记忆的调制，而有关这些刺激的信息在记忆中甚至在检索过程中都巩固了？我们的目标是通过检查对杏仁核有损害的60多名受试者的中性和情感刺激的记忆，并将其表演与对照没有这样损害的对照进行比较。我们将在不同的编码条件下监测眼睛的目光和心理生理学，并随后评估各个时间点的刺激记忆。在编码过程中，我们还将在实验中直接操纵眼动向视觉刺激，以检查它们对后续记忆的影响，并使用诱导皮质醇的应激源直接操纵体细胞唤醒，以检查其对后续记忆的影响。此外，我们将研究自传的情感记忆，这与生活中杏仁核损害的时间点有关。其他分析将检查由于海马损伤而造成的损害是否与海马损害造成的损害是否可以分离，杏仁核是否会差异地影响要点的记忆和详细信息，以获取左右的杏仁核对情感记忆以及性别差异是否有不同的贡献。研究结果将为我们对神经和精神病中的情绪记忆功能障碍的理解提供理解，可以将动物研究中有关情感记忆的基础科学的大量文献进行比较，并将通过在人类情感记忆中确立杏仁核的因果关系来补充功能成像研究中发现的相关性。