Project 2 - The Neurobiology of Social Decision-Making: Social Inference and Context

项目2.项目摘要。 这个项目2是我们目前的Conte中心项目3的更新。拉尔夫·阿道夫（Ralph Adolphs） 主任）和Cendri Hutcherson（目前项目3的前博士后，现在是教师）作为共同PI，并包括一个 加拿大多伦多大学（哈切森）。它的总体目标是了解 社会推理和背景（该中心的重点主题）指导社会决策， 具体侧重于亲社会（利他）决策。与此对应的是项目3，它将研究如何 社会推理和背景引导与社会威胁有关决策。项目2将重点关注我们如何代表 另一个人的内部状态（社会推理表征，目标1），这些表征是如何 然后用于做出利他的社会决策（目标2），在这些过程中，我们发现个体 这些差异可能与自闭症特征、同理心或社交网络规模等指标相关（目标3）。 与Conte中心更新的项目1和3一样，该项目2侧重于健康人群的fMRI研究。 个体与项目1和项目3一样，项目2也有其他项目下的目标链接， 互补的方法。具体来说，它的特点计算模型（漂移扩散模型），也将 在项目3中得到利用，它将开发一组社会推理任务（RDoC列出的版本）。 “为什么/如何”任务），该任务也将在 项目5.同时，我们计划在社会推理的神经系统之间进行具体的比较 在这个项目2中，社会神经科学任务，如“为什么/如何”任务，以及系统， 在项目1（使用跨任务）中，通过研究观察学习的计算fMRI显示 重叠主题中的解码）。项目2与其他机构之间的密切联系反映在其人员方面： 它列出了来自其他项目（O 'Doherty，Tranel，Camerer）的PI，并与其他项目共享博士后。 前两个目标将为两个重点fMRI研究开发任务，每个研究将在100年内进行。 通过核心2和核心3招募的健康参与者。其中30个子集将在未来几年重新测试， 研究长期稳定性。目标1将开发六个任务，探讨特定的环境如何调节社会 推理：通过任务设置，对于面部表情或动作，对于社交或非社交事件，作为 认知负荷，以及我们所观察的人是否有需要或有优点。后一 在目标2中，需要/优点背景因素与利他决策有关， 我们最近发表的一项任务和方法，使用漂移扩散模型，以更好地了解如何具体 参数影响选择过程的时间演变。

Project 2. Project Summary. This Project 2 is a renewal of Project 3 in our current Conte Center. It has Ralph Adolphs (overall Center Director) and Cendri Hutcherson (formerly post-doc on current Project 3, now faculty) as co-PIs and includes a modest subcontract to the University of Toronto, Canada (Hutcherson). Its overall goal is to understand how social inference and context (the focus theme of this Conte Center) guide social decision-making, with a specific focus on prosocial (altruistic) decisions. A counterpart to this is Project 3, which will investigate how social inference and context guide decisions related to social threat. Project 2 will focus on how we represent the internal states of another person (social inference representations, Aim 1), how such representations are then used to make altruistic social decisions (Aim 2), and where in these processes we find individual differences that may correlate with measures like autistic traits, empathy, or social network size (Aim 3). As with Projects 1 and 3 in this Conte Center renewal, this Project 2 focuses on fMRI studies in healthy individuals. Also as with Projects 1 and 3, this Project 2 has links to Aims under other Projects that offer a complementary approach. Specifically, it features computational models (drift-diffusion models) that will also be leveraged in Project 3, and it will develop a battery of social inference tasks (versions of the RDoC-listed “why/how” task) that will also be administered to patients with focal lesions of the prefrontal cortex under Project 5. As well, we plan to make specific comparisons between the neural systems for social inference revealed under this Project 2 with social neuroscience tasks such as the “why/how” task, and the systems revealed with computational fMRI investigated for observational learning in Project 1 (using cross-task decoding in overlapping subjects). The strong links between Project 2 and others is reflected in its personnel: it lists PIs from other Projects (O'Doherty, Tranel, Camerer) and shares post-docs with other Projects. The first two Aims will develop tasks for two focused fMRI studies that will each be conducted in 100 healthy participants recruited through Cores 2 and 3. A subset of 30 of these will be retested in future years to investigate stability over time. Aim 1 will develop six tasks that probe how specific contexts modulate social inference: through task set, for facial expressions or actions, for social or nonsocial events, as a function of cognitive load, and whether the person we are observing seems to be in need or to have merit. This latter need/merit context factor is further developed in relation to altruistic decision-making in Aim 2, which expands a task and approach we recently published, using drift-diffusion modeling to better understand how specific parameters influence the temporal evolution of the choice process.