The Neurobiology of Social Decision-Making: Social Inference and Context

社会决策的神经生物学：社会推理和背景

• 批准号: 9475305
• 负责人: RALPH ADOLPHS
• 金额: $ 187.09万
• 依托单位: CALIFORNIA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2012
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2012-07-26 至 2022-02-28
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/9475305
• 关键词: Address; Altruism; Autistic Disorder; Basic Science; Behavior; Belief; Biological; Brain; Brain region; Buffers; Collaborations; Communication; Cues; Data; Decision Making; Diagnosis; Disease; Dissection; Electrophysiology (science); Enrollment; Epilepsy; Faculty; Financial compensation; Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Functional disorder; Goals; Human; Implanted Electrodes; Individual Differences; International; Intervention; Investigation; Learning; Lesion; Life; Link; Mental Health; Mental disorders; Modeling; Monitor; Monkeys; Mood Disorders; Neurobiology; Participant; Patient Recruitments; Patients; Persons; Play; Postdoctoral Fellow; Prefrontal Cortex; Process; Psychological reinforcement; Registries; Resources; Rewards; Schizophrenia; Science; Series; Structure; System; Testing; Training Programs; Work; addiction; autism spectrum disorder; base; behavioral study; brain machine interface; computer framework; contextual factors; data sharing; experience; fictional works; human subject; innovation; insight; multimodality; neural prosthesis; neurobiological mechanism; neuroimaging; novel; outreach program; preference; recruit; relating to nervous system; senior faculty; social; social group; social learning; student training

OVERVIEW. Project Summary. This renewal application of a basic research Conte Center aims to elucidate the neurobiological mechanisms for social decision-making in humans. While our current Conte Center investigated the basic systems for decision-making, and did so in both humans and monkeys, this renewal now focuses only on humans, and on more translationally relevant questions. In particular, we now focus on how social inference and context come into play. How do we attribute internal states, such as values, beliefs, and intentions, to other people? How does this depend on the context in which we observe those other people? How does it influence how we can learn from others, how we make altruistic decisions about them, how we deal with social threat? This set of new questions builds directly on our current Conte Center, and is of critical translational importance for understanding deficits in social decision-making such as those that occur in autism spectrum disorders and other psychiatric illnesses. Three cores provide administrative, neuroimaging, and participant recruitment and assessment resources for five Projects that are each directed by internationally renowned leaders, all of whom have a track record of scientific collaboration, student training, and expertise in the topic of the planned studies. Unique innovative strengths of this application are the combination of neuroimaging, intracranial electrophysiology, and lesion studies in human subjects. Cross-cutting questions can be addressed with this multimodal approach, which includes neuroimaging in the very same subjects from whom we record electrophysiologically, and in lesion subjects. Project 1 begins by investigating how social inference and context guides social learning. Projects 2 and 3 examine how social inference modulates social decision-making, in either prosocial, altruistic contexts (Project 2) or under social threat (Project 3). Project 4 examines these questions in relation to how we represent other people and ourselves, using single-unit recordings. Project 5 focuses on lesion studies of the prefrontal cortex, which is the brain region most closely involved in the processes under investigation. This science is woven into a training and outreach program emphasizing dissemination and diversity; and all data are made available for data sharing. The uniform recruitment and assessment of participants, the tight integration and communication between Projects, and the collaborative track record of the team will leverage these studies to a systematic and coordinated investigation of the largest outstanding questions in social decision-making. Progress on this topic will be an essential component for better diagnoses and treatments for a range of psychiatric disorders, including autism, addiction, and mood disorders.

概述。项目摘要。 基础研究中心的这种更新应用旨在阐明神经生物学 人类社会决策的机制。当我们目前的孔戴中心调查了基本 决策系统，并且在人类和猴子中都这样做，现在仅关注 人类，以及更多与翻译相关的问题。特别是，我们现在关注社会推论 和上下文发挥作用。我们如何将内部状态（例如价值观，信念和意图）归因于 别人？这如何取决于我们观察其他人的情况？怎么样 影响我们如何向他人学习，如何做出利他的决定，如何处理社会 威胁？这组新问题直接建立在我们当前的孔戴中心，并且是至关重要的翻译 对于理解社会决策中缺陷的重要性，例如自闭症谱系中发生的缺陷 疾病和其他精神病。 三个核心提供行政，神经影像学和参与者招聘和评估 由国际知名领导人指导的五个项目的资源，他们都有轨道 计划研究主题的科学合作，学生培训和专业知识的记录。独特的 这种应用的创新优势是神经影像，颅内电生理学和 人类受试者的病变研究。可以通过这种多模式的方法来解决横切问题 其中包括在我们通过电生理记录的同一受试者中的神经影像学，以及 病变受试者。 项目1首先研究社会推理和环境如何指导社会学习。项目2 3研究社会推理如何在亲社会的无私背景下调节社会决策 （项目2）或在社会威胁之下（项目3）。项目4研究了与我们的方式有关的这些问题 使用单单元录音来代表其他人和我们自己。项目5侧重于病变研究 前额叶皮层，这是大脑区域最紧密地参与正在研究的过程中。这 科学被编织成强调传播和多样性的培训和外展计划。和所有数据 可用于数据共享。参与者的统一招聘和评估，紧张 项目之间的集成和沟通以及团队的协作记录将利用 这些研究对社会上最大的杰出问题进行了系统和协调的调查 决策。该主题的进展将是更好地诊断和治疗的重要组成部分 一系列精神疾病，包括自闭症，成瘾和情绪障碍。