The Neurobiology of Social Decision-Making: Social Inference and Context

概述。项目摘要。 基础研究中心的这一更新应用旨在阐明神经生物学 人类的社会决策机制。而我们目前的Conte中心正在调查基本的 决策系统，在人类和猴子身上都是这样做的，这次更新现在只关注 人类，以及更多与翻译相关的问题。特别是，我们现在关注的是社会推理如何 而背景也起到了作用。我们如何将价值、信念和意图等内部状态归因于 其他人？这如何取决于我们观察其他人的背景？它是怎么做到的 影响我们如何向他人学习，我们如何为他人做出利他的决定，我们如何处理社会问题 威胁？这组新问题直接建立在我们当前的Conte Center上，并具有关键的翻译意义 了解社会决策缺陷的重要性，例如自闭症谱系中出现的缺陷 精神障碍和其他精神疾病。 三个核心提供管理、神经成像和参与者招募和评估 五个项目的资源，每个项目都由国际知名的领导人指导，所有这些领导人都有自己的轨迹 计划研究主题的科学合作、学生培训和专业知识的记录。独一无二 这一应用的创新优势是神经成像、颅内电生理学和 人体内的损伤研究。交叉问题可以用这种多模式方法来解决， 这包括我们从电生理上记录的同一受试者的神经成像，以及 损伤受试者。 项目1首先调查社会推理和语境如何指导社会学习。项目2 以及3考察社会推理如何在亲社会、利他的背景下调节社会决策 (项目2)或面临社会威胁(项目3)。项目4研究了这些问题与我们如何 代表他人和我们自己，使用单单元录音。项目5的重点是脑部的损伤研究 前额叶皮质，这是大脑中与研究过程最密切相关的区域。这 科学被编织到一个强调传播和多样性的培训和推广计划中；所有数据 可用于数据共享。统一招募和评估参与者，紧凑 项目之间的集成和沟通，以及团队的协作记录将利用 这些研究对社会中最大的突出问题进行了系统和协调的调查 决策。这一主题的进展将是更好地诊断和治疗 一系列精神障碍，包括自闭症、成瘾和情绪障碍。

OVERVIEW. Project Summary. This renewal application of a basic research Conte Center aims to elucidate the neurobiological mechanisms for social decision-making in humans. While our current Conte Center investigated the basic systems for decision-making, and did so in both humans and monkeys, this renewal now focuses only on humans, and on more translationally relevant questions. In particular, we now focus on how social inference and context come into play. How do we attribute internal states, such as values, beliefs, and intentions, to other people? How does this depend on the context in which we observe those other people? How does it influence how we can learn from others, how we make altruistic decisions about them, how we deal with social threat? This set of new questions builds directly on our current Conte Center, and is of critical translational importance for understanding deficits in social decision-making such as those that occur in autism spectrum disorders and other psychiatric illnesses. Three cores provide administrative, neuroimaging, and participant recruitment and assessment resources for five Projects that are each directed by internationally renowned leaders, all of whom have a track record of scientific collaboration, student training, and expertise in the topic of the planned studies. Unique innovative strengths of this application are the combination of neuroimaging, intracranial electrophysiology, and lesion studies in human subjects. Cross-cutting questions can be addressed with this multimodal approach, which includes neuroimaging in the very same subjects from whom we record electrophysiologically, and in lesion subjects. Project 1 begins by investigating how social inference and context guides social learning. Projects 2 and 3 examine how social inference modulates social decision-making, in either prosocial, altruistic contexts (Project 2) or under social threat (Project 3). Project 4 examines these questions in relation to how we represent other people and ourselves, using single-unit recordings. Project 5 focuses on lesion studies of the prefrontal cortex, which is the brain region most closely involved in the processes under investigation. This science is woven into a training and outreach program emphasizing dissemination and diversity; and all data are made available for data sharing. The uniform recruitment and assessment of participants, the tight integration and communication between Projects, and the collaborative track record of the team will leverage these studies to a systematic and coordinated investigation of the largest outstanding questions in social decision-making. Progress on this topic will be an essential component for better diagnoses and treatments for a range of psychiatric disorders, including autism, addiction, and mood disorders.