The Neurobiology of Social Decision-Making: Social Inference and Context

社会决策的神经生物学：社会推理和背景

• 批准号: 9912817
• 负责人: RALPH ADOLPHS
• 金额: $ 178.2万
• 依托单位: CALIFORNIA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2012
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2012-07-26 至 2022-02-28
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/9912817
• 关键词: Address; Altruism; Basic Science; Behavior; Belief; Biological; Brain; Brain region; Buffers; Collaborations; Communication; Cues; Data; Decision Making; Diagnosis; Disease; Dissection; Electrophysiology (science); Enrollment; Epilepsy; Faculty; Financial compensation; Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Functional disorder; Goals; Human; Implanted Electrodes; Individual Differences; International; Intervention; Investigation; Learning; Lesion; Life; Link; Mental Health; Mental disorders; Modeling; Monitor; Monkeys; Mood Disorders; Neurobiology; Participant; Patient Recruitments; Patients; Persons; Play; Postdoctoral Fellow; Prefrontal Cortex; Process; Psychological reinforcement; Registries; Resources; Rewards; Schizophrenia; Science; Series; Structure; System; Testing; Training Programs; Work; addiction; autism spectrum disorder; base; behavioral study; brain machine interface; computer framework; contextual factors; data sharing; experience; fictional works; human subject; innovation; insight; multimodality; neural prosthesis; neurobiological mechanism; neuroimaging; novel; outreach program; preference; recruit; relating to nervous system; senior faculty; social; social group; social learning; student training

OVERVIEW. Project Summary. This renewal application of a basic research Conte Center aims to elucidate the neurobiological mechanisms for social decision-making in humans. While our current Conte Center investigated the basic systems for decision-making, and did so in both humans and monkeys, this renewal now focuses only on humans, and on more translationally relevant questions. In particular, we now focus on how social inference and context come into play. How do we attribute internal states, such as values, beliefs, and intentions, to other people? How does this depend on the context in which we observe those other people? How does it influence how we can learn from others, how we make altruistic decisions about them, how we deal with social threat? This set of new questions builds directly on our current Conte Center, and is of critical translational importance for understanding deficits in social decision-making such as those that occur in autism spectrum disorders and other psychiatric illnesses. Three cores provide administrative, neuroimaging, and participant recruitment and assessment resources for five Projects that are each directed by internationally renowned leaders, all of whom have a track record of scientific collaboration, student training, and expertise in the topic of the planned studies. Unique innovative strengths of this application are the combination of neuroimaging, intracranial electrophysiology, and lesion studies in human subjects. Cross-cutting questions can be addressed with this multimodal approach, which includes neuroimaging in the very same subjects from whom we record electrophysiologically, and in lesion subjects. Project 1 begins by investigating how social inference and context guides social learning. Projects 2 and 3 examine how social inference modulates social decision-making, in either prosocial, altruistic contexts (Project 2) or under social threat (Project 3). Project 4 examines these questions in relation to how we represent other people and ourselves, using single-unit recordings. Project 5 focuses on lesion studies of the prefrontal cortex, which is the brain region most closely involved in the processes under investigation. This science is woven into a training and outreach program emphasizing dissemination and diversity; and all data are made available for data sharing. The uniform recruitment and assessment of participants, the tight integration and communication between Projects, and the collaborative track record of the team will leverage these studies to a systematic and coordinated investigation of the largest outstanding questions in social decision-making. Progress on this topic will be an essential component for better diagnoses and treatments for a range of psychiatric disorders, including autism, addiction, and mood disorders.

概述。项目摘要。 孔特基础研究中心的这一更新应用旨在阐明神经生物学 人类社会决策的机制。虽然我们目前的 Conte 中心调查了基本的 决策系统，并且在人类和猴子身上都是如此，这次更新现在只关注 人类，以及更多与翻译相关的问题。我们现在特别关注社会推理如何 和上下文发挥作用。我们如何将内部状态（例如价值观、信仰和意图）归因于 别人？这如何取决于我们观察其他人的背景？怎么样 影响我们如何向他人学习、我们如何对他们做出无私的决定、我们如何处理社会问题 威胁？这组新问题直接建立在我们当前的孔戴中心的基础上，并且具有关键的转化意义 对于理解社会决策缺陷（例如自闭症谱系中发生的缺陷）的重要性 障碍和其他精神疾病。 三个核心提供管理、神经影像以及参与者招募和评估 五个项目的资源，每个项目均由国际知名领导者指导，他们都拥有跟踪 科学合作、学生培训以及计划研究主题的专业知识的记录。独特的 该应用的创新优势是将神经影像学、颅内电生理学和 人类受试者的病变研究。跨领域的问题可以通过这种多模式方法来解决， 其中包括我们通过电生理学记录的同一受试者的神经影像，以及 病变科目。 项目 1 首先调查社会推理和情境如何指导社会学习。项目2 3 研究社会推理如何在亲社会、利他主义背景下调节社会决策 （项目 2）或受到社会威胁（项目 3）。项目 4 研究了这些与我们如何 使用单个单元的录音来代表其他人和我们自己。项目 5 侧重于损伤研究 前额皮质，是与所研究的过程最密切相关的大脑区域。这 将科学融入培训和外展计划，强调传播和多样性；和所有数据 可供数据共享。参赛人员统一招募、考核，严格 项目之间的整合和沟通以及团队的协作记录将利用 这些研究对社会中最大的突出问题进行了系统和协调的调查 决策。该主题的进展将是更好地诊断和治疗的重要组成部分 一系列精神疾病，包括自闭症、成瘾和情绪障碍。