National Assessment of the Mortality and Morbidity Effects of Tropospheric Ozone

对流层臭氧死亡率和发病率影响的国家评估

• 批准号: 7283028
• 负责人: Michelle L Bell
• 金额: $ 8.46万
• 依托单位: YALE UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2006
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2006-09-01 至 2011-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/7283028
• 关键词: Address; Admission activity; Affect; Air Conditioning; Air Pollutants; Air Pollution; Area; Asthma; Attention; Cardiovascular system; Cerebrovascular Disorders; Cessation of life; Chemicals; Chronic Obstructive Airway Disease; Cities; Communities; Complex Mixtures; County; Daily; Data; Data Set; Databases; Developed Countries; Developing Countries; Development; Disease; Economics; End Point; Environmental Health; Epidemiologic Studies; Event; Exposure to; Foundations; Frequencies; Goals; Health; Heart failure; Heterogeneity; Hospital Mortality; Hospitals; Human; Individual; Knowledge; Link; Literature; Meta-Analysis; Methodology; Modeling; Morbidity - disease rate; Myocardial Ischemia; Numbers; Older Population; Outcome; Ozone; Particulate Matter; Peripheral Vascular Diseases; Pneumonia; Policies; Policy Maker; Pollution; Population; Population Characteristics; Premature Mortality; Public Health; Race; Regulation; Research; Research Personnel; Respiratory Tract Infections; Respiratory physiology; Risk; Risk Estimate; Role; Scientist; Seasons; Shapes; Socioeconomic Status; Standards of Weights and Measures; Symptoms; Techniques; Temperature; Time; Transportation; United States; United States Environmental Protection Agency; Update; Variant; Weather; Work; age effect; base; career; chemical reaction; day; heart rhythm; innovation; mathematical model; mortality; ozone exposure; pollutant; programs; regional difference; respiratory; response; sound; urban area; volatile organic compound

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): The proposed research aims to address critical gaps in scientific knowledge of ozone and health with a national assessment of ozone and mortality and hospital admissions through epidemiological studies and biostatistical analysis. Specifically, the primary objectives are to investigate the relationship between ozone and mortality and hospital admissions, with respect to mortality displacement, longer-term exposure, the shape of the distributed lag curve, potential interaction with particulate matter (PM), heterogeneity among community-specific estimates, and threshold effects. Recent synthesis of scientific information on ozone and health by the United States EPA revealed considerable gaps in the literature on ozone and human health, including those outlined in the specific aims. This research directly relates to the NIEHS goals of reducing the burden of environmentally associated disease, contributing to career enhancement of young researchers, and providing a sound scientific foundation to support policy. More than 100 million people in the United States reside in areas exceeding the ozone standard, making ozone one of the nation's most pressing air pollution problems. A key component of the proposal is to investigate potential interaction between ozone and PM through the development of interaction models and through study of whether variation in PM composition can explain spatial and temporal heterogeneity in ozone effect estimates. This work is consistent with NIEHS initiatives to identify the health effects from complex mixtures and to develop statistical and mathematical models that accommodate complex mixtures. Results from this research are anticipated to be highly policy-relevant, both with respect to ozone and in the long-term with regards to air pollution and health more generally. An overall objective of this work is to contribute statistical techniques that could be applied broadly in environmental health research, such as to other health outcomes and other pollutants. Relevance to public health: This research investigates how hospital admissions and mortality are affected by ozone, a common urban air pollutant. The goal of this work is to provide policy-makers, scientists, and the public with a better understanding of how ozone affects health in order to aid more effective decisions regarding protection of human health.

描述（由申请人提供）： 拟议的研究旨在通过流行病学研究和生物统计学分析对臭氧和死亡率和住院的全国评估来解决臭氧和健康科学知识的关键差距。具体而言，主要目标是研究臭氧与死亡率与住院的关系，关于死亡率位移，长期暴露，分布滞后曲线的形状，与颗粒物的潜在相互作用（PM），社区特异性估计值之间的异质性和阈值效应。美国EPA的最新综合有关臭氧和健康的科学信息揭示了有关臭氧和人类健康的文献差距，包括特定目标中概述的差距。这项研究直接涉及减轻环境相关疾病的负担，有助于增强年轻研究人员的职业，并为支持政策提供合理的科学基础的NIEHS目标。美国有超过1亿人居住在超过臭氧标准的地区，使臭氧成为美国最紧迫的空气污染问题之一。该提案的一个关键组成部分是通过开发相互作用模型来研究臭氧与PM之间的潜在相互作用，并通过研究PM组成的变异是否可以解释臭氧效应估计中的空间和时间异质性。这项工作与NIEHS计划一致，该计划旨在确定复杂混合物中的健康影响，并开发可容纳复杂混合物的统计和数学模型。对于臭氧和长期，关于空气污染和健康的长期，这项研究的结果预计将高度与政策相关。这项工作的总体目的是贡献可以广泛应用于环境健康研究（例如其他健康结果和其他污染物）的统计技术。与公共卫生的相关性：这项研究调查了常见的城市空气污染物臭氧的住院和死亡率如何影响。这项工作的目的是为决策者，科学家和公众更好地了解臭氧如何影响健康，以帮助有关保护人类健康的更有效的决策。