National Assessment of the Mortality and Morbidity Effects of Tropospheric Ozone

对流层臭氧死亡率和发病率影响的国家评估

• 批准号: 7488418
• 负责人: Michelle L Bell
• 金额: $ 8.8万
• 依托单位: YALE UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2006
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2006-09-01 至 2011-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/7488418
• 关键词: Address; Admission activity; Affect; Air Conditioning; Air Pollutants; Air Pollution; Area; Asthma; Attention; Cardiovascular system; Cerebrovascular Disorders; Cessation of life; Chemicals; Chronic Obstructive Airway Disease; Cities; Communities; Complex Mixtures; County; Daily; Data; Data Set; Databases; Developed Countries; Developing Countries; Development; Disease; Economics; End Point; Environmental Health; Epidemiologic Studies; Event; Exposure to; Foundations; Frequencies; Goals; Health; Heart failure; Heterogeneity; Hospital Mortality; Hospitals; Human; Individual; Knowledge; Link; Literature; Meta-Analysis; Methodology; Modeling; Morbidity - disease rate; Myocardial Ischemia; Numbers; Older Population; Outcome; Ozone; Particulate Matter; Peripheral Vascular Diseases; Pneumonia; Policies; Policy Maker; Pollution; Population; Population Characteristics; Premature Mortality; Public Health; Race; Regulation; Research; Research Personnel; Respiratory Tract Infections; Respiratory physiology; Risk; Risk Estimate; Role; Scientist; Seasons; Shapes; Socioeconomic Status; Standards of Weights and Measures; Symptoms; Techniques; Temperature; Time; Transportation; United States; United States Environmental Protection Agency; Update; Variant; Weather; Work; age effect; base; career; chemical reaction; day; heart rhythm; innovation; mathematical model; mortality; ozone exposure; pollutant; programs; regional difference; respiratory; response; sound; urban area; volatile organic compound

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): The proposed research aims to address critical gaps in scientific knowledge of ozone and health with a national assessment of ozone and mortality and hospital admissions through epidemiological studies and biostatistical analysis. Specifically, the primary objectives are to investigate the relationship between ozone and mortality and hospital admissions, with respect to mortality displacement, longer-term exposure, the shape of the distributed lag curve, potential interaction with particulate matter (PM), heterogeneity among community-specific estimates, and threshold effects. Recent synthesis of scientific information on ozone and health by the United States EPA revealed considerable gaps in the literature on ozone and human health, including those outlined in the specific aims. This research directly relates to the NIEHS goals of reducing the burden of environmentally associated disease, contributing to career enhancement of young researchers, and providing a sound scientific foundation to support policy. More than 100 million people in the United States reside in areas exceeding the ozone standard, making ozone one of the nation's most pressing air pollution problems. A key component of the proposal is to investigate potential interaction between ozone and PM through the development of interaction models and through study of whether variation in PM composition can explain spatial and temporal heterogeneity in ozone effect estimates. This work is consistent with NIEHS initiatives to identify the health effects from complex mixtures and to develop statistical and mathematical models that accommodate complex mixtures. Results from this research are anticipated to be highly policy-relevant, both with respect to ozone and in the long-term with regards to air pollution and health more generally. An overall objective of this work is to contribute statistical techniques that could be applied broadly in environmental health research, such as to other health outcomes and other pollutants. Relevance to public health: This research investigates how hospital admissions and mortality are affected by ozone, a common urban air pollutant. The goal of this work is to provide policy-makers, scientists, and the public with a better understanding of how ozone affects health in order to aid more effective decisions regarding protection of human health.

描述（由申请人提供）： 拟议的研究旨在通过流行病学研究和生物统计分析，对臭氧与死亡率和住院率进行国家评估，以填补臭氧与健康科学知识方面的重大空白。具体而言，主要目标是调查臭氧和死亡率和住院率之间的关系，死亡率位移，长期暴露，分布滞后曲线的形状，与颗粒物（PM）的潜在相互作用，社区特定估计值之间的异质性和阈值效应。美国环保局最近对臭氧与健康科学信息的综合报告显示，在臭氧与人类健康方面的文献中存在着相当大的空白，包括在各项具体目标中概述的空白。这项研究直接关系到NIEHS的目标，即减少环境相关疾病的负担，促进年轻研究人员的职业发展，并为支持政策提供良好的科学基础。在美国，超过1亿人居住在超过臭氧标准的地区，使臭氧成为美国最紧迫的空气污染问题之一。该提案的一个关键组成部分是通过建立相互作用模型和研究PM成分的变化是否可以解释臭氧影响估计的空间和时间异质性，调查臭氧和PM之间的潜在相互作用。这项工作是一致的NIEHS倡议，以确定复杂的混合物对健康的影响，并制定统计和数学模型，以适应复杂的混合物。这项研究的结果预计将与政策高度相关，无论是在臭氧方面，还是在长期的空气污染和健康方面。这项工作的一个总体目标是促进可广泛应用于环境卫生研究的统计技术，如其他健康结果和其他污染物。与公共卫生的相关性：这项研究调查了医院入院率和死亡率如何受到臭氧（一种常见的城市空气污染物）的影响。这项工作的目标是让决策者、科学家和公众更好地了解臭氧对健康的影响，以帮助做出更有效的保护人类健康的决策。