Novel small animal PET scanner using 2.0 mm lead-walled straw detectors

使用 2.0 毫米铅壁吸管探测器的新型小动物 PET 扫描仪

• 批准号: 7326740
• 负责人: JEFFREY L LACY
• 金额: $ 20万
• 依托单位: PROPORTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES, INC.
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2007
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2007-07-05 至 2009-06-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/7326740
• 关键词: 3-Dimensional; Aging; Animal Model; Animals; Arts; Back; Benchmarking; Biological Process; Blur; Brain imaging; Breast; Caliber; Clinical assessments; Count; Depth; Development; Devices; Dimensions; Disease; Electronics; Elements; Employee Strikes; Event; Facility Construction Funding Category; Funding; Futility; Gamma Rays; Gases; Grant; Grouping; Heart; Human; Image; Imaging Device; Imaging Phantoms; Imaging Techniques; Immunity; Invasive; Investigation; Lead; Length; Life; Location; Marketing; Measures; Methods; Mission; Modeling; Molecular; Monitor; Mus; Numbers; Operative Surgical Procedures; Organ; Performance; Phase; Placement; Positioning Attribute; Positron; Positron-Emission Tomography; Property; Radioisotopes; Rate; Rattus; Relative (related person); Research; Resolution; Rotation; Simulate; Small Business Funding Mechanisms; Small Business Innovation Research Grant; Solid; Source; Staging; Structure; System; Techniques; Technology; Test Result; Testing; Time; Tracer; United States National Institutes of Health; Variant; attenuation; base; cost; density; design; detector; human disease; improved; in vivo; instrument; instrumentation; molecular imaging; mouse model; novel; novel strategies; optical imaging; prevent; quality assurance; quantum; reconstruction; response; simulation; size; tool; tumor; uptake

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Molecular imaging techniques are among the most powerful tools for non-invasive investigation of disease and fundamental biological processes in vivo and are therefore of high significance to the mission of the NIH. Positron Emission Tomography (PET) provides sensitivity to molecular tracer concentrations several orders of magnitude less than any other imaging technique offering a large fundamental sensitivity advantage. Also PET is able to produce rigorous quantitative 3D uptake distribution uniquely free of attenuation and scatter effects giving it another strong advantage over other methods such as optical imaging. Since mouse is by far the most popular species in molecular imaging, high resolution is of exceptional importance. A number of commercial scintillator based dedicated small animal PET scanners are on the market but are limited to a useful volumetric imaging resolution of no better than 5 ¿l and are very costly ($500,000 - $850,000). Recent attempts to reduce crystal size to levels needed to improve resolution performance have shown that depth of interaction (DOI) error reduces improvement to marginal levels despite substantial cost increase demonstrating the futility of the approach. Development of a low cost, high resolution PET scanner is proposed based on revolutionary detector elements composed of lead walled straws (LWS). Compared to scintillation crystal detectors, this technology is intrinsically many fold less expensive to produce and because the position of each detected gamma ray is located precisely in 3D space, fundamentally superior camera configurations can be employed to great advantage. Detectors can be placed very close to the imaged subject and events accepted over a substantially larger solid angle providing unparalleled sensitivity while maintaining immunity from resolution degradation caused by DOI. Unlike crystal devices with DOI problems, resolution performance of LWS devices scales precisely with detector dimension. Based on scaling of performance achieved in a 4 mm straw pilot device backed up by a comprehensive Monte Carlo study an optimally designed 2 mm LWS camera can reach at least a volumetric resolution of 1.2 ¿l and with recently demonstrated resolution refinements should achieve a further reduction to 0.58 ¿l. Furthermore using a very small detector module count of 28, a 4 fold increase in sensitivity and throughput can be achieved. In stark contrast to crystal devices the LWS camera design produces highly uniform sensitivity and resolution over its entire very large field of view. Feasibility will be demonstrated by construction of two densely packed 200 straw LWS modules of 30 - 50 cm length. Imaging performance using a rotating gantry will be evaluated through phantom testing. Lower cost combined with quantum improvement in quality will afford an exceptional new molecular imaging tool.

描述(申请人提供)：分子成像技术是对疾病和体内基本生物学过程进行非侵入性研究的最强大的工具之一，因此对NIH的使命具有重要意义。正电子发射断层扫描(PET)对分子示踪剂浓度的灵敏度比任何其他成像技术低几个数量级，具有很大的基本灵敏度优势。此外，PET能够产生精确的定量3D摄取分布，独特地没有衰减和散射影响，这使其相对于其他方法，如光学成像，具有另一个强大的优势。由于小鼠是迄今为止分子成像中最受欢迎的物种，因此高分辨率具有特别重要的意义。市场上有许多基于闪烁体的专用小动物PET扫描仪，但仅限于有效的体积成像分辨率不高于5？L，而且非常昂贵(500,000-85,000美元)。最近将晶体尺寸减小到提高分辨率性能所需的水平的尝试表明，尽管成本大幅增加，但相互作用深度(DOI)误差将改善降低到边缘水平，这表明该方法是无效的。基于由铅壁吸管(LWS)组成的革命性探测器元件，提出了一种低成本、高分辨率的PET扫描仪的开发。与闪烁晶体探测器相比，这项技术的生产成本本质上要低很多倍，而且由于每个探测到的伽马射线的位置都精确地位于3D空间，因此可以采用从根本上说优越的相机配置来发挥巨大的优势。探测器可以放置在离成像对象非常近的位置，并在更大的立体角度上接受事件，提供无与伦比的灵敏度，同时保持对DOI引起的分辨率下降的免疫力。与存在DOI问题的晶体器件不同，LWS器件的分辨率性能精确地随探测器尺寸而变化。基于蒙特卡罗综合研究支持的4 mm吸管试验装置的性能扩展，优化设计的2 mm LWS相机至少可以达到1.2×L的体积分辨率，加上最近展示的分辨率改进，应该可以进一步降低到0.58o L。此外，使用非常小的探测器模块数量28，可以实现灵敏度和吞吐量的4倍提高。与水晶设备形成鲜明对比的是，LWS相机的设计在其整个非常大的视野内产生了高度一致的灵敏度和分辨率。将通过建造两个密集排列的30-50厘米长的200个秸秆LWS模块来证明其可行性。使用旋转机架的成像性能将通过模体测试进行评估。更低的成本和量子质量的提高将提供一种特殊的新分子成像工具。