Nanotube and nanogold to gear phi29 DNA packaging motor

描述(由申请人提供)：纳米技术涉及有组织的纳米材料的创建、表征和修改，以作为构建大规模设备和系统的基础。生命系统包含各种各样的纳米机器和高度有序的结构，包括马达、阵列、泵、膜芯和阀门。细菌病毒phi29 DNA包装马达是迄今为止研究过的最强大的生物马达，其新颖和巧妙的设计启发了这种马达及其组件的合成，作为纳米设备的生物制剂。这种30 nm的纳米马达使用六个与ATP结合的PRNA分子来驱动马达。用纯化的重组蛋白和人工合成的RNA成功构建了模拟马达。它可以随意打开和关闭。马达复合体及其成分的有序结构阵列的形成，PRNA 3‘端延伸后的运动功能保留，以及PRNA二聚体和三聚体易于操作，这些结合在一起使含RNA的马达成为纳米技术中作为机械部件的可行选择。 长期目标是利用这种合成的马达及其组件阵列作为纳米设备的部件，具有几个主要应用：1)将这种人造马达用作纳米设备的部件，例如体内药物输送设备。2)将马达元件有序阵列用作大规模超分子结构的建筑立面，用作分子筛、疾病诊断芯片或超高密度数据存储系统。在六聚体构建块中存在六个PRNA亚基，将允许构建具有多种功能的阵列，例如，允许分离鉴定多种病原体。3)将这种纳米电机开发成DNA测序装置，因为DNA包装过程涉及DNA通过一个3.6 nm的小孔移动，周围环绕着六个可以被修改以接受化学信号的RNA。 尽管所有这些长期应用都变得越来越现实，但实用的纳米技术仍处于初级阶段。提议在三四年内将phi29电机系统直接应用于纳米设备是不现实的。因此，这项提议的短期目标是构建PRNA或蛋白质阵列，作为构建图案化超分子结构的模板，并找到连接纳米管和纳米金以及将生物部分和化学基团连接到电机或构建的阵列的最佳路线，PRNA二聚体、三聚体和六聚体将用于阵列构建。早期关注的主要问题将是避免由于加入外国部件而扰乱电机和/或阵列的组装和功能。这一阶段的研究将为电机及其阵列在纳米设备中的直接和实际技术应用铺平道路。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Nanotechniques involve the creation, characterization, and modification of organized nanomaterials to serve as building blocks for the construction of large-scale devices and systems. Living systems contain a wide variety of nanomachines and highly ordered structures, including motors, arrays, pumps, membrane cores, and valves. The novelty and ingenious design of bacterial virus phi29 DNA packaging motor, the strongest biomotor studied to date, have inspired the synthesis of this motor and its components as biomemitics for nanodevices. This 30 nm nanomotor uses six ATP-binding pRNA molecules to gear the motor. An imitative motor has been successfully constructed using purified recombinant proteins and artificially synthesized RNA. It can be turned on and off at will. The formation of ordered structural arrays of the motor complex and its components, the retention of motor function after 3'-end extension of the pRNA, and the ease with which pRNA dimers and trimers can be manipulated combine to make the RNA-containing motor a viable option as mechanical parts in nanotechnology. The long-term objective is to utilize this synthesized motor, together with arrays of its components, as parts in nanodevices, with several major applications: 1) To use this artificial motor as parts for nanodevices, such as apparatuses for in vivo drug delivery. 2) To use the ordered arrays of motor components as building facades for large-scale supramolecular structures to serve as molecular sieves, chips for the diagnosis of diseases, or as ultrahigh density data storage systems. The presence of six pRNA subunits in the hexameric building blocks will allow for the construction of arrays with multiple functions, for example to allow for the separate identification of multiple pathogens. 3) To develop this nanomotor into a DNA-sequencing apparatus, since the DNA-packaging process involves movement of the DNA through a 3.6-nm pore surrounded by six RNA that can be modified to accept chemical signals. Though all of these long-term applications are becoming more and more realizable, practical nanotechnology is still in its infancy. It would be unrealistic to propose applying the phi29 motor system directly to nanodevices in only three or four years. Thus, the short-term objective of this proposal is to construct pRNA or protein arrays that will serve as templates for the construction of patterned supramolecular structures, and to find the best routes through which to link nanotubes and nanogolds as well as to attach biological moieties and chemical groups to the motor or the constructed arrays, pRNA dimers, trimers and hexamers will be used for array construction. Chief among early concerns will be avoiding disruption of the assembly and functioning of the motor and/or arrays due to the incorporation of foreign components. This phase of the study will pave the way toward direct and practical technological applications of the motor and its arrays in nanodevices.