Transgenerational Effects of Poverty and Geographic Isolation on the HPA System

贫困和地理隔离对 HPA 系统的跨代影响

• 批准号: 7251994
• 负责人: William Roger Mills-Koonce
• 金额: $ 7.09万
• 依托单位: UNIV OF NORTH CAROLINA CHAPEL HILL
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2006
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2006-07-01 至 2009-06-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/7251994
• 关键词: Address; Adrenal Glands; Affect; Affective; Age; American; Area; Behavior; Behavioral; Biological Assay; Books; Caregivers; Child; Child Development; Chronic; Code; Communication; Communities; Condition; Data; Data Set; Development; Distress; Ecology; Emotional; Employment Opportunities; Exposure to; Family; Funding; Health; Health Resources; Health Services Accessibility; Household; Hydrocortisone; Hypothalamic structure; Informal Social Control; Knowledge; Life; Life Experience; Life Stress; Literature; Maternal Behavior; Maternal Physiology; Measures; Mediating; Mediator of activation protein; Mental Health Services; Modeling; North Carolina; Nutritional; Parenting behavior; Parents; Pathway interactions; Patient Self-Report; Pennsylvania; Personal Satisfaction; Physiological; Pituitary Gland; Pituitary-Adrenal System; Play; Population; Poverty; Problem behavior; Program Development; Psychophysiology; Purpose; Reading; Regulation; Research; Research Personnel; Resources; Risk Factors; Role; Rural; Salivary; Sampling; Science; Series; Stress; System; Time; United States; Videotape; biological adaptation to stress; child well being; coping; design; emotional distress; experience; indexing; maternal stress; nutrition; programs; psychobiologic; research study; response; rural area

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Parenting young children frequently involves dealing with child distress and emotional dysregulation, a child state that relies almost entirely on parental support for soothing and regulation. The stresses of living in poverty, especially for those families isolated geographically (such as those living in rural areas with less available or accessible resources for poor families), can further exacerbate the difficulties of parenting and jeopardize the socio-emotional development of children. Given this, the proposed project is designed to examine pathways by which community variables such as stress and geographic isolation manage to impact early psychophysiological development of children. The following questions are proposed for analysis: (1) For parents in rural poverty, does chronic exposure to poverty and stress result in a decreased ability to physiologically cope with stressful situations, as evidenced by lower levels of cortisol and a blunted cortisol response to stress? (2) Do decreased levels of cortisol reactivity in caregivers predict parenting behaviors that are atypical and dysregulating to children? (3) Do these atypical parenting behaviors in turn affect children's cortisol levels by exposing their developing stress responses systems to dysregulating and non- soothing parenting? The Family Life Project is an ideal data set for this purpose. This project has demographic, self-report, behavioral, and physiological data on 1292 families in rural North Carolina and Pennsylvania. At 6 and 15 months of child age, primary caregivers and children are observed in free play settings, picture book reading sessions, and during and following a series of challenge tasks for the child. Videotapes of all of these interactions are available for coding atypical maternal behavior as indexed by disrupted affective communication from the AMBIANCE coding system. In addition, salivary cortisol samples at each time point have been collected and assayed for children and caregivers prior to and following the challenge tasks. Very young children's experiences are often limited to interactions within the household. Community poverty and stress affect children by limiting nutritional and health resources, and by influencing the quality of family life they experience. Given that over 20 million children in the United States are living in poverty, it is critical that we understand both the short and the long term consequences of these conditions, including the ways in which poverty exerts its influences at very young ages. Furthermore, there is little to no research on families with young children who live in conditions of rural poverty. The absence of information on these families is particularly troubling considering that most children living in poverty are in non-metro areas. The proposed study is set to investigate this unique, although sizeable, population of American families.

描述（由申请人提供）：养育年幼的孩子经常涉及处理孩子的痛苦和情绪失调，这是一种几乎完全依赖父母支持来抚慰和调节的孩子状态。生活在贫困中的压力，特别是对于那些在地理上与世隔绝的家庭（例如那些生活在农村地区的家庭，贫困家庭可用或可获得的资源较少），可能进一步加剧养育子女的困难，并危及儿童的社会情感发展。鉴于此，拟议的项目旨在研究压力和地理隔离等社区变量如何影响儿童早期心理生理发展的途径。本文提出以下问题进行分析：(1)对于农村贫困的父母来说，长期暴露于贫困和压力下是否会导致生理上应对压力情境的能力下降，如皮质醇水平较低和皮质醇对压力的反应迟钝所证明的那样？(2)看护者皮质醇反应水平的降低是否预示着儿童的非典型和失调的养育行为？(3)这些非典型的养育行为是否通过使儿童发育中的应激反应系统暴露于失调和非抚慰性的养育而反过来影响儿童的皮质醇水平？家庭生活项目是实现这一目的的理想数据集。该项目收集了北卡罗莱纳州和宾夕法尼亚州农村1292个家庭的人口统计、自我报告、行为和生理数据。在孩子6个月和15个月大的时候，主要照顾者和孩子在自由游戏环境、绘本阅读课程以及一系列挑战任务期间和之后进行观察。所有这些相互作用的录像带可用于编码非典型母亲行为，并通过AMBIANCE编码系统的中断情感交流进行索引。此外，在挑战任务之前和之后，每个时间点的唾液皮质醇样本都被收集和分析。非常年幼的孩子的经历往往局限于家庭内部的互动。社区贫困和压力限制了儿童的营养和保健资源，影响了儿童所经历的家庭生活质量。鉴于美国有2 000多万儿童生活在贫困中，我们必须了解这些状况的短期和长期后果，包括贫困如何在很小的时候就产生影响，这一点至关重要。此外，对生活在农村贫困条件下有年幼子女的家庭的研究很少或根本没有。考虑到大多数生活在贫困中的儿童都生活在非大都市地区，缺乏关于这些家庭的信息尤其令人不安。这项拟议的研究旨在调查这一独特的、规模庞大的美国家庭。