Benchmarking Synergy Levels to Encourage International Standards of Sustainability for Metadesign

对协同水平进行基准测试以鼓励元设计可持续性的国际标准

• 批准号: AH/E507794/1
• 负责人: John Wood
• 金额: $ 41.6万
• 依托单位: Goldsmiths University of London
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Research Grant
• 财政年份: 2007
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2007 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=AH%2FE507794%2F1
• 关键词: Benchmarking; Synergy; Levels; Encourage; International

21st Century society faces many serious threats such as climate change, reductions in biological diversity, and pollution of the natural environment. These have been exacerbated, if not caused, by a gloabl system that is designed to proliferate more and more products into a rapidly expanding market. Most designers have seen little option but to apply their skills in support of market forces. Unwittingly, they have helped to create a society driven by over-consumptoin and waste. Collectively, we have so far failed to make a significant impact on the above problems. Despite the heroic efforts by the pioneers of 'eco-design', design for sustainability etc, global carbon emissions continue to rise, and bio-diversity is reducing. This is because measures undertaken so far have been insufficient to tame an economic system designed for limitless growth. This proposal will develop therefore a more pervasive, comprehensive and consentual mode of co-design (i.e. 'metadesign') by bringing together specialists and experts both within and beyond the orthodox boundaries of design. Notably, our researchers will include economists and managers. Previous research by the applicants has shown that many people see countermeasures such as 'sustainable consumption' (UNEP, 2006) as confusing, inconsequential or counterproductive (Wood, 2002). We found that 'sustainability' arguments are popularly percieved (i.e. in subjective cost-benefit terms) as a 'lose-win' scenario. We have therefore adopted 'synergy' as a goal that has more potential that 'sustainability'. This is mainly because it sounds more positive and optimistic. We have identified our basic building block of synergy as a 'win-win-win-win' offer (Wood, 2006). In our previous (EPSRC/AHRC funded) research we found good psychological, and practical arguments for choosing this figure. We will also use it to establish self-reflexive synergy indicators using additional tools by our colleague Dr. Vladim Kvitash. In order to make these acceptable for industry we will devise benchmarks enabling governmental, commercial and other institutions to audit their performance in an aggregation of levels such as the physical, economic, ethical, ecological and aesthetic. So far, we have defined four preliminary 'orders' of synergy (Wood, 2006) that will help us to find 'synergies' that will orchestrate other synergies. Richard Buckminster Fuller described something similar when he spoke of Nature's 'synergy of synergies'. There is already interest from local authorities (The Creative Lewisham Agency) who have witnessed the application of our 'synergy' tools in a demonstration of problem solving at the Design Council. In this one-day experiment, researchers were marshalled using priciples that evolved from and experience into the managment of synergy. By the end of year 2, we subsequently aim to share with, and/or deliver our findings to, related projects, such as Sustainable Communities: Building for the Future, Office of the Deputy Prime Minister, and the Academy of Sustainable Communities, UNEP, etc).

21世纪的社会面临着许多严重的威胁，如气候变化、生物多样性减少和自然环境污染。一个旨在将越来越多的产品扩散到迅速扩大的市场的全球体系，即使不是造成这些问题的原因，也加剧了这些问题。大多数设计师别无选择，只能运用自己的技能来支持市场力量。在不知不觉中，他们帮助创造了一个由过度消费和浪费驱动的社会。总的来说，我们迄今未能对上述问题产生重大影响。尽管“生态设计”、可持续性设计等的先驱们做出了巨大的努力，但全球碳排放量仍在继续上升，生物多样性正在减少。这是因为迄今采取的措施不足以驯服一个旨在实现无限增长的经济体系。因此，该建议将发展一种更普遍、更全面和更一致的协同设计模式(即：“元设计”)，汇集了传统设计界内外的专家和专家。值得注意的是，我们的研究人员将包括经济学家和管理人员。申请人以前的研究表明，许多人认为“可持续消费”（UNEP, 2006）等对策令人困惑，无关紧要或适得其反（Wood, 2002）。我们发现，“可持续性”论点被普遍认为（即在主观成本效益方面）是一种“双赢”的情况。因此，我们将“协同”作为一个比“可持续性”更有潜力的目标。这主要是因为它听起来更积极和乐观。我们已经确定了协同作用的基本组成部分，即“三赢共赢”的提议（Wood, 2006）。在我们之前（EPSRC/AHRC资助）的研究中，我们发现了选择这个数字的良好的心理和实际理由。我们还将使用我们的同事Vladim Kvitash博士提供的其他工具来建立自反性协同指标。为了使这些标准为工业界所接受，我们将制定基准，使政府、商业和其他机构能够从物理、经济、道德、生态和美学等各个层面对其绩效进行综合审核。到目前为止，我们已经定义了协同作用的四个初步“顺序”（Wood, 2006），这将帮助我们找到协调其他协同作用的“协同作用”。理查德·巴克明斯特·富勒（Richard Buckminster Fuller）在谈到大自然的“协同效应的协同效应”时，也描述了类似的情况。当地政府（创意刘易舍姆机构）已经对我们的“协同”工具在设计委员会解决问题的演示中的应用产生了兴趣。在这个为期一天的实验中，研究人员使用从和经验演变成协同管理的原则进行组织。到第二年年底，我们的目标是与相关项目分享和/或交付我们的发现，如可持续社区：建设未来，副总理办公室和可持续社区学院，联合国环境规划署等)。