Roman and Late Antique Mosaics of Crete: long term continuity and change

克里特岛的罗马和晚期古董马赛克：长期的连续性和变化

• 批准号: AH/F001851/1
• 负责人: Rebecca Sweetman
• 金额: $ 3.36万
• 依托单位: University of St Andrews
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Research Grant
• 财政年份: 2008
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2008 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=AH%2FF001851%2F1
• 关键词: Roman; Late; Antique; Mosaics; Crete

The first time publication of the corpus of Roman and Late Antique mosaics of Central and East Crete will provide an original approach to the study of mosaics and an innovative method of presenting a diachronic view of provincial society in the East. Full iconographic details of the mosaics are provided and it is well illustrated with plates, figures, plans and maps. In the context of progress both within Crete and within Roman studies in general, particularly in light of the application of globalization theory, it is clear that a diachronic analysis of the island from a range of perspectives (local and centre) is needed in order to reverse the 'creeping determinism' that has propagated the idea of Roman and Late Antique Crete as a provincial dead end. As such it is apparent that a study of mosaics can provide an alternative means of assessing the nature of Crete within the context of the Empire. The introduction provides the Cretan context; a brief summary establishes the historical framework, building on that already detailed in Sanders' 1982 publication. The overview of the topography of the island allows the reader to become familiar with the landscapes of Crete and the reasons why such multiplicity of consequences to inclusion in the Empire could exist. Discussions of issues of terminology are presented and an overview of the application of globalization theory to Roman studies shows how pertinent the application is in achieving a realistic understanding of the diversity of Roman and Late Antique Crete. This allows the methodological aims to be clear. The catalogue of mosaics is included in the main text as the primary research material. Full iconographic, chronological, contextual and publication details are given and as such the corpus will fill a void in Mediterranean mosaic studies to date. Chapters 3 to 4 present the iconographic and contextual analysis of the mosaics, including the mosaics while Chapters 5 to 7 focus on the application of the evidence to building a new interpretation (function of space, craftspeople and broader context). An analysis of the date, distribution and iconography of mosaics will show that the fluctuating styles, locations and density of mosaics indicate subtle changes in the nature of society of Roman Crete as she grew into her position in the Eastern Roman Empire. Diversity between cities, between the urban and rural landscapes and over time are reflected in the analysis of mosaics; differences in occupations of cities in the 1st century, increasing communication with the Eastern Empire in the 2nd century and shift in focus from the south to the north in the 3rd century is reflected in mosaics. The lack of scholarly discussion on Late Antique Crete has lead to false perceptions of a society in decline from the 4th century. The inclusion of the Late Antique mosaics will emphasis the importance of the island during the period and show contrary to common belief, that the island was not only booming but the evidence of itinerant mosaicists suggests that she played a pivotal role in the communication network of the Eastern Empire.Finally, having explored the evidence of the mosaics in detail with perceptions of globalization in mind, it is possible to approach the study of Crete from a different perspective to the norm; the variety in mosaics will show that while Crete was an important economic part of the Empire but that there were areas, such as Knossos, that had a strong desire to maintain the cultural identity within. Furthermore, by placing the material culture in the Mediterranean context, it will be clear that cultural developments in Crete can be viewed as relative to Rome and the Empire, rather than falling under a subsuming process of Roman acculturation. The resulting diachronic study from Hellenistic to Late Antique will present a much needed insight into the transformations with Cretan society, both urban and rural when the island becomes part of the Roman Empire.

第一次出版的语料库的罗马和后期古董马赛克的中部和东部克里特岛将提供一个原始的方法来研究马赛克和创新的方法，提出了一个历时性的观点省级社会在东部。完整的图像细节的马赛克提供，这是很好的说明与板，数字，计划和地图。在克里特岛和罗马研究的进展背景下，特别是在全球化理论的应用下，很明显，需要从一系列角度（地方和中心）对该岛进行历时分析，以扭转“爬行决定论”，这种决定论传播了罗马和古代晚期克里特岛作为一个省级死胡同的想法。因此，很明显，马赛克的研究可以提供一种替代手段，评估克里特岛的性质在帝国的背景下。导言提供了一个简单的背景;一个简短的总结建立了历史框架，建立在桑德斯1982年出版物中已经详细描述的基础上。岛上地形的概述使读者熟悉克里特岛的景观，以及为什么纳入帝国可能存在如此多的后果的原因。讨论的术语的问题，并概述了全球化理论的罗马研究的应用程序显示如何相关的应用程序是在实现现实的理解罗马和古代晚期克里特岛的多样性。这使得方法的目标更加明确。镶嵌画目录作为主要研究材料包括在正文中。完整的图像，时间顺序，上下文和出版物的细节，并因此语料库将填补地中海马赛克研究的空白。第三章至第四章介绍了马赛克的图像和上下文分析，包括马赛克，而第五章至第七章侧重于证据的应用，以建立一个新的解释（空间，工匠和更广泛的背景功能）。对马赛克的日期、分布和图像学的分析将表明，马赛克的波动风格、位置和密度表明，随着罗马克里特岛在东罗马帝国中的地位不断提高，其社会性质发生了微妙的变化。城市之间、城市和乡村景观之间以及随着时间的推移的多样性都反映在马赛克的分析中;世纪城市职业的差异、世纪与东帝国的交流增加以及世纪焦点从南方到北方的转移都反映在马赛克中。由于缺乏对古代晚期克里特岛的学术讨论，人们对一个从世纪开始衰落的社会产生了错误的看法。包括古代晚期的马赛克将强调这一时期该岛的重要性，并表明与普遍的看法相反，该岛不仅蓬勃发展，而且巡回马赛克的证据表明她在东帝国的通信网络中发挥了关键作用。最后，在详细探索马赛克的证据后，考虑到全球化的看法，从一个不同的角度来研究克里特岛是可能的;马赛克的多样性将表明，虽然克里特岛是帝国的一个重要经济部分，但也有一些地区，如克诺索斯，有强烈的愿望来保持内部的文化身份。此外，通过将物质文化置于地中海的背景下，很明显，克里特岛的文化发展可以被视为与罗马和帝国有关，而不是属于罗马文化同化的过程。由此产生的从希腊化到古代晚期的历时研究将为克里特岛成为罗马帝国的一部分时克里特岛城市和农村社会的转变提供急需的见解。

项目成果

Roman Knossos: discovering the city through the evidence of mosaics and rescue excavations

罗马克诺索斯：通过马赛克和救援发掘的证据发现这座城市

• 作者: Rebecca Sweetman (Author)

Domus, Villa and Farmstead: The Globalization of Crete

多莫斯、别墅和农庄：克里特岛的全球化

• 作者: Rebecca Sweetman (Author)

The Mosaics of Roman Crete: Art, Archaeology and Social Change

罗马克里特岛的马赛克：艺术、考古学和社会变革

• 发表时间: 2013
• 作者: Sweetman