Late Antique churches as evidence for the diachronic complexities of the Christianization of the Peloponnese

伯罗奔尼撒半岛的古代晚期（公元400-700年）没有得到很好的研究，当然是与早期的古典时期和后期的拜占庭时期相比。研究表明，虽然罗马人对该地区的占领确实产生了持久的经济和政治影响，但将基督教作为国教以及将新宗教纪念碑化标志着伯罗奔尼撒半岛和希腊自中世纪城邦出现以来最重要的社会变革之一。鉴于缺乏文学和国内证据，对古代晚期教堂的研究为理解这一时期的社会性质提供了最全面的材料。迄今为止，对教堂地形和建筑的调查显示，基督教是如何从世纪开始在伯罗奔尼撒半岛传播的（首先通过主要的城市港口，然后通过内陆城市）（Sweetman 2010）。与流行的看法相反，这些研究还表明，基督教的传播不是一个单一的高压转换过程，而是通过在特定地点建造教堂，有意识地使用记忆，身份和内部团体的激励过程，创造了令人印象深刻的建筑，并根据沿着的距离，使教堂的各个区域可供不同层次的会众使用。他们所属的宗教等级;从未受洗者到慕道者到牧师。分阶段皈依基督教可以通过检查城市地区教堂的历时性建设来解读（人们所知的农村教堂很少）。初步研究表明，随着时间的推移，教堂的位置选择变得更加中心，因此，自信。本研究的主要目的之一是调查后期（5世纪末和6世纪世纪）的教堂是否建在城市和宗教领域更明显的地区，因为基督教使其立足点更加固定在社会上。当然，早期（世纪）和更宽松的基督教化的方法可以看出，在继续使用一些前基督教的庇护所，即使在基督教成为国教。继续使用前基督教庇护所的证据将通过金石学的研究，以及这些地点的教堂的位置，日期和功能来强调。本研究将展示基督教的视觉建筑表达如何巩固教会在伯罗奔尼撒社区的经济和社会政治生活中的作用。所有这些证据都将在更广泛的地中海范围内进行背景化，特别是参考三个广泛出版的材料（吕西亚，西里西亚和塞浦路斯），以突出基督教化的性质根据其进行的时期和地点而变化的程度。研究将主要在雅典进行，以获取希腊期刊，档案和挖掘报告，并在伯罗奔尼撒进行必要的实地考察，以研究古迹。一个网站表和可搜索的图像集将有助于对年表、建筑和地形关系进行彻底分析，而一个互动地图将有助于对数据进行分类和背景分析，以便更广泛的公众可以了解这一否则很难探索的时期。

The Late Antique period (400-700 CE) in the Peloponnese has not been well investigated, certainly in comparison to the earlier Classical and the later Byzantine periods. Studies have shown that while Roman occupation of the region certainly had lasting economic and political effects, it is arguable that the adoption of Christianity as the state religion and the monumentalization of the new religion marks one of the most significant social changes to occur in the Peloponnese and Greece since the emergence of the city state in the Archaic period. In light of the dearth of literary and domestic evidence, studies of Late Antique churches provide the most comprehensive body of material for understanding the nature of society during this period. To date, investigations of the topography and architecture of the churches have shown how Christianity spread throughout the Peloponnese from the 5th century onwards (through major urban ports first and then inland to the cities) (Sweetman 2010). Contrary to popular belief, these studies have also indicated that the spread of Christianity was less of a monolithic heavy-handed process of conversion and more of an incentive made through conscious processes of use of memory, identity and insider-groups by constructing churches in specific locations, creating impressive architecture and by making areas of the church accessible to different levels of the congregation in accordance with how far along the religious hierarchy they belong; from unbaptised to catechumens to priests. The phased conversion to Christianity can be read through an examination of the diachronic construction of churches in the urban sphere (few rural churches are known). A preliminary examination has shown that with time, the choice of location of the church becomes more central and thus, self-assured. One of the key aims of this study is to investigate whether later (late 5th and 6th century) churches are constructed in more visible areas of the urban and religious sphere as Christianity makes its foothold more fixed in society. Certainly, the earlier (5th century) and more relaxed approach to Christianization can be seen in the continuation of use of some pre-Christian sanctuaries even after Christianity became the state religion. The evidence for the continuation of use of pre-Christian sanctuaries will be highlighted through studies of epigraphy, and the location, date and function of churches in these sites. This study will show how the visual architectural expression of Christianity consolidated the role of the church in the economic and socio-political life of the Peloponnesian communities. All of this evidence will be contextualized within the broader Mediterranean sphere, with particular reference to three areas of well-published material (Lycia, Cilicia and Cyprus) to highlight the extent to which the nature of Christianization was fluid in accordance with the period and location it was underway. The research will primarily be undertaken in Athens to access Greek periodicals, archives and excavation reports and in the Peloponnese to undertake the fieldwork necessary to study the monuments. A table of the sites and the searchable image collection, will allow a thorough analysis of the chronology, architecture and topographic relationship, while an interactive map will help to situate and contextualize the data so that the wider public may have access to this otherwise poorly explored period.