Prostate Cancer Screening With Electrical Impedance Measurements

通过电阻抗测量进行前列腺癌筛查

• 批准号: 7317495
• 负责人: ALEXANDER HARTOV
• 金额: $ 21.47万
• 依托单位: DARTMOUTH COLLEGE
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2007
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2007-07-24 至 2011-05-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/7317495
• 关键词: Abdomen; Acoustics; Adhesives; Anatomy; Area; Behavior; Binding; Cancerous; Cessation of life; Classification; Clinical; Computer software; Coupled; Custom; Data; Development; Devices; Diagnosis; Diagnostic Imaging; Differential Diagnosis; Disease; Effectiveness; Electrodes; Electronics; Feasibility Studies; Gel; Goals; Image; Lead; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Malignant Neoplasms; Malignant neoplasm of prostate; Maps; Measurement; Medical; Methods; Modality; Modeling; Molds; Needle biopsy procedure; Nodule; Numbers; Organ; Patients; Pattern; Phase; Physicians; Printing; Procedures; Prostate; Purpose; Research; Research Personnel; Resistance; Saline; Sampling; Screening for Prostate Cancer; Screening for cancer; Screening procedure; Series; Shapes; Signal Transduction; Source; Surface; System; Techniques; Technology; Testing; Time; Tissues; Ultrasonography; Urology; Variant; Work; data acquisition; design; electric impedance; experience; image reconstruction; imaging probe; innovation; instrument; interest; men; pressure; reconstruction; rectal; research study; sensor; size; spatial relationship; tomography; tool; tumor

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): The diagnosis of prostate cancer is still a difficult proposition. Diagnostic imaging such as MRI and ultrasound do not reliably detect tumors, while more advanced methods such as SPEC are still under development and in all likelihood will be costly. With more than 200,000 men diagnosed with prostate cancer and about 30,000 deaths per year in the US, a need for an inexpensive screening technology is felt. We have been able to demonstrate experimentally on a small number of patients that prostate cancer is associated with an increased resistance compared to surrounding tissue. This has also been observed by other researchers. In our preliminary study, no effort was made to use the information in the reactance of the prostate. We hypothesize that the dispersion behavior of prostate tissues may hold additional information that may be of use in differentiating between various types of abnormalities in the prostate and may assist physicians in deciding on a course of action. This is also of interest, since at times there is still some debate on what is the best course of action. We propose to combine two inexpensive imaging modalities to create a reliable tool to screen for prostate cancer. Impedance measurements performed through the rectal wall will be used to detect cancerous nodules. The ultrasound imager to which our system will be coupled will serve to produce anatomic information which in turn will be used to reconstruct volumetric impedance maps in real time. Imaging information from both sources will be presented independently and in co-registered overlays. The impedance sensors and the intrarectal ultrasound scanhead will be physically coupled and their spatial relationship calibrated so that information from the two modalities will be spatially co-registered. We propose to design a modified ultrasound applicator which will incorporate an array of intracavitary electrodes. These electrodes, coupled with an external electrode applied onto the patient's abdomen will produce switchable current patterns which will flow through the prostate and as a result allow the instrument to sense variations in impedance in that organ. In the proposed 3 years of the project, we intend to build our custom applicator, test it on phantoms and patients. We also will develop new electronics and reconstruction techniques applicable to this configuration. This project capitalizes on our group's extensive experience in impedance imaging.

描述(申请人提供)：前列腺癌的诊断仍然是一个困难的命题。MRI和超声波等诊断成像不能可靠地检测出肿瘤，而SPEC等更先进的方法仍在开发中，而且很可能会很昂贵。在美国，每年有20多万男性被诊断出患有前列腺癌，约有3万人死亡，人们感到对一种廉价的筛查技术的需求。我们已经能够在少数患者身上实验证明，前列腺癌与周围组织相比抵抗力增强有关。其他研究人员也观察到了这一点。在我们的初步研究中，没有尝试将这些信息用于前列腺的电抗。我们推测，前列腺组织的弥散行为可能包含额外的信息，这些信息可能有助于区分各种类型的前列腺异常，并可能帮助医生决定治疗方案。这也是令人感兴趣的，因为有时仍有一些关于什么是最佳行动方针的辩论。我们建议结合两种廉价的成像方式来创建一种可靠的前列腺癌筛查工具。通过直肠壁进行的阻抗测量将用于检测癌性结节。我们的系统将连接的超声成像仪将用于产生解剖信息，这些信息将被用于实时重建体积阻抗图。来自这两个来源的成像信息将独立呈现，并以共同注册的叠加形式呈现。阻抗传感器和直肠内超声扫描头将在物理上耦合，并校准它们的空间关系，以便来自两种模式的信息将在空间上共同登记。我们建议设计一种改进型超声敷贴器，它将结合腔内电极阵列。这些电极，加上施加在患者腹部的外部电极，将产生流经前列腺的可切换电流模式，从而允许仪器检测该器官的阻抗变化。在该项目拟议的3年中，我们打算建立我们的定制涂抹器，在幻影和患者身上进行测试。我们还将开发适用于这种配置的新的电子设备和重建技术。该项目充分利用了我们集团在阻抗成像方面的丰富经验。