Prostate Cancer Screening With Electrical Impedance Measurements

通过电阻抗测量进行前列腺癌筛查

• 批准号: 7629667
• 负责人: ALEXANDER HARTOV
• 金额: $ 21.78万
• 依托单位: DARTMOUTH COLLEGE
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2007
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2007-07-24 至 2011-05-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/7629667
• 关键词: Abdomen; Acoustics; Adhesives; Anatomy; Area; Behavior; Binding; Cancerous; Cessation of life; Classification; Clinical; Computer software; Coupled; Custom; Data; Development; Devices; Diagnosis; Diagnostic Imaging; Differential Diagnosis; Disease; Effectiveness; Electrodes; Electronics; Feasibility Studies; Gel; Goals; Image; Lead; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Malignant Neoplasms; Malignant neoplasm of prostate; Maps; Measurement; Medical; Methods; Modality; Modeling; Molds; Needle biopsy procedure; Nodule; Organ; Patients; Pattern; Phase; Physicians; Printing; Procedures; Prostate; Research; Research Personnel; Resistance; Saline; Sampling; Screening for Prostate Cancer; Screening for cancer; Screening procedure; Series; Shapes; Signal Transduction; Source; Surface; System; Techniques; Technology; Testing; Time; Tissues; Ultrasonography; Urology; Variant; Work; data acquisition; design; electric impedance; experience; image reconstruction; imaging modality; imaging probe; innovation; instrument; interest; men; pressure; reconstruction; rectal; research study; sensor; spatial relationship; tomography; tool; tumor

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): The diagnosis of prostate cancer is still a difficult proposition. Diagnostic imaging such as MRI and ultrasound do not reliably detect tumors, while more advanced methods such as SPEC are still under development and in all likelihood will be costly. With more than 200,000 men diagnosed with prostate cancer and about 30,000 deaths per year in the US, a need for an inexpensive screening technology is felt. We have been able to demonstrate experimentally on a small number of patients that prostate cancer is associated with an increased resistance compared to surrounding tissue. This has also been observed by other researchers. In our preliminary study, no effort was made to use the information in the reactance of the prostate. We hypothesize that the dispersion behavior of prostate tissues may hold additional information that may be of use in differentiating between various types of abnormalities in the prostate and may assist physicians in deciding on a course of action. This is also of interest, since at times there is still some debate on what is the best course of action. We propose to combine two inexpensive imaging modalities to create a reliable tool to screen for prostate cancer. Impedance measurements performed through the rectal wall will be used to detect cancerous nodules. The ultrasound imager to which our system will be coupled will serve to produce anatomic information which in turn will be used to reconstruct volumetric impedance maps in real time. Imaging information from both sources will be presented independently and in co-registered overlays. The impedance sensors and the intrarectal ultrasound scanhead will be physically coupled and their spatial relationship calibrated so that information from the two modalities will be spatially co-registered. We propose to design a modified ultrasound applicator which will incorporate an array of intracavitary electrodes. These electrodes, coupled with an external electrode applied onto the patient's abdomen will produce switchable current patterns which will flow through the prostate and as a result allow the instrument to sense variations in impedance in that organ. In the proposed 3 years of the project, we intend to build our custom applicator, test it on phantoms and patients. We also will develop new electronics and reconstruction techniques applicable to this configuration. This project capitalizes on our group's extensive experience in impedance imaging.

描述（由申请人提供）：前列腺癌的诊断仍然是一个困难的命题。MRI和超声等诊断成像不能可靠地检测肿瘤，而SPEC等更先进的方法仍在开发中，而且很可能成本高昂。在美国，每年有超过200，000名男性被诊断患有前列腺癌，约有30，000人死亡，因此需要廉价的筛查技术。我们已经能够在少数患者身上通过实验证明，与周围组织相比，前列腺癌与阻力增加有关。其他研究人员也观察到了这一点。在我们的初步研究中，没有努力使用前列腺电抗的信息。我们假设，前列腺组织的分散行为可能包含额外的信息，这些信息可能有助于区分前列腺中各种类型的异常，并可能有助于医生决定采取行动。这也是令人感兴趣的，因为有时仍有一些关于什么是最佳行动方针的辩论。我们建议联合收割机两种廉价的成像方式，以创建一个可靠的工具来筛选前列腺癌。通过直肠壁进行的阻抗测量将用于检测癌性结节。我们的系统将耦合到的超声成像仪将用于产生解剖信息，该解剖信息又将用于真实的实时重建体积阻抗图。两个来源的影像学信息将单独显示，并以共配准叠加的方式显示。阻抗传感器和直肠内超声扫描头将被物理耦合，并且它们的空间关系被校准，使得来自两种模态的信息将被空间共配准。我们建议设计一种改进的超声施加器，它将包括一个阵列的腔内电极。这些电极与施加到患者腹部上的外部电极耦合，将产生可切换的电流模式，该电流模式将流过前列腺，并因此允许仪器感测该器官中的阻抗变化。在该项目的拟议3年中，我们打算建立我们的定制施用器，在体模和患者上进行测试。我们还将开发适用于这种配置的新的电子和重建技术。该项目利用了我们小组在阻抗成像方面的丰富经验。