Biological Bases of Alcoholism

酗酒的生物学基础

• 批准号: 7460867
• 负责人: TAMARA J. RICHARDS
• 金额: $ 42.71万
• 依托单位: OREGON HEALTH & SCIENCE UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 1987
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1987-09-30 至 2012-06-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/7460867
• 关键词: Alcoholism; Biological; base

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): This Ph.D. and postdoctoral training program will create specialists who will be able to conduct preclinical research at all levels, from molecular to behavioral, focused on the biological mechanisms underlying initial sensitivity to alcohol, as well as the development, maintenance, and elimination of alcoholism. These trainees will also be thoroughly competent to teach in these areas. Twenty-four members of the OHSU graduate faculty will train postdoctoral research fellows and graduate students entering programs in Behavioral Neuroscience or Neuroscience. Training will include firm curricular grounding in the basic sciences, specific training in pharmacology of alcohol and other abused drugs, exposure to clinical and psychosocial aspects of human alcoholism, the practice and ethics of science, and extensive and continuous participation in basic research. The focus of our training opportunities is on biological processes involved in the etiology of problem drinking and alcoholism. Our general approach is interdisciplinary, emphasizing genetic, molecular, physiological, pharmacological, and psychological/behavioral processes. The research questions fall into five general areas: (1) genetic bases for alcohol responses, (2) learned and unlearned determinants of alcohol reward, (3) neurobiological bases for the rewarding and aversive effects of alcohol, (4) neuroadaptive mechanisms associated with ethanol dependence, tolerance, and sensitization, and (5) effects of alcohol on memory and cognition. Information about alcohol effects is contrasted with similar information about other drugs of abuse to identify common biological mechanisms. The general areas reflect the research interests and expertise of a participating faculty using behavioral, systems-level, and cellular/molecular methods. Their shared biobehavioral perspective is consistent with growing evidence indicating that many forms of human alcoholism are best understood in terms of an interaction between genetic and environmental factors. Areas of faculty collaboration in studies of alcohol and other drug effects include: studies of genetic determinants; neuroendocrine and neuroactive steroid participation; studies of dopaminergic, GABAergic and glutamatergic systems; studies of rewarding and aversive effects; studies of sensitization, tolerance, and dependence/withdrawal phenomena; studies of correlated traits such as impulsivity; and studies focused on neuroanatomical pathways.

描述（由申请人提供）：本博士。博士后培训计划将培养能够进行从分子到行为各个层面的临床前研究的专家，重点关注最初对酒精敏感的生物机制，以及酗酒的发展、维持和消除。这些学员也将完全有能力在这些领域进行教学。 24 名 OHSU 研究生教师将培训博士后研究员和进入行为神经科学或神经科学项目的研究生。培训将包括扎实的基础科学课程基础、酒精和其他滥用药物药理学的具体培训、人类酒精中毒的临床和心理社会方面的接触、科学实践和伦理，以及广泛和持续地参与基础研究。我们培训机会的重点是涉及问题饮酒和酗酒病因学的生物过程。我们的总体方法是跨学科的，强调遗传、分子、生理、药理学和心理/行为过程。研究问题分为五个一般领域：(1) 酒精反应的遗传基础，(2) 酒精奖赏的习得和非习得决定因素，(3) 酒精奖赏和厌恶效应的神经生物学基础，(4) 与乙醇依赖、耐受和敏化相关的神经适应性机制，以及 (5) 酒精对记忆和认知的影响。将有关酒精影响的信息与有关其他滥用药物的类似信息进行对比，以确定常见的生物机制。一般领域反映了参与教师使用行为、系统级和细胞/分子方法的研究兴趣和专业知识。他们共同的生物行为观点与越来越多的证据相一致，这些证据表明，许多形式的人类酗酒最好通过遗传和环境因素之间的相互作用来理解。酒精和其他药物影响研究中的教师合作领域包括：遗传决定因素的研究；神经内分泌和神经活性类固醇的参与；多巴胺能、GABA能和谷氨酸能系统的研究；奖励和厌恶效应的研究；致敏、耐受和依赖/戒断现象的研究；对冲动等相关特征的研究；研究重点是神经解剖学通路。