Exploring the Import of Health-Related Residential Mobility to Local Area Studies

描述(申请人提供)：探索将与健康相关的居住流动性引入当地研究描述/摘要：尽管大多数关于场所对健康影响的研究都是对横断面数据的生态或多水平分析，但研究结果往往被解释为邻里环境影响健康的证据，超出了常住人口的构成。这种解释隐含地假设当地人口是静态的，尽管他们显然是动态的，他们所经历的变化可能与健康有关。如果跨地区的住宅流动与健康有关，那么对横断面研究结果的常见背景解释可能会产生误导。很少有研究人员回答这个问题，因为很少有数据集提供有关健康和移徙的信息，并且拥有足够大的样本来研究跨地区的移徙。然而，在2000年人口普查中，受访者在普查前5年的居住地信息首次被收集到邮政编码级别，这为探讨这一研究问题提供了机会。然而，由于这一项目的邮政编码数据相对较新，只有成功申请使用机密人口普查数据的调查人员才能获得，因此其质量尚未确定。我们已被授权在密歇根人口普查研究数据中心分析这些数据，以测试选择性移民有助于观察到的当地地理健康模式的假设。这一探索性和发展项目将以我们以前的工作为基础，首先利用适用于人口普查和生命统计数据的标准人口统计技术，将我们在1980年和1990年进行的当地发病率和死亡率分析更新到2000年。第二，我们将探讨2000年人口普查邮政编码层面上以前居住地的质量。第三，我们将估计健康与一个人在1995至2000年间迁入或迁出我们特定地区的概率之间的联系，以及不同的移徙对2000年留在每个地区的人口健康的影响。对2000年人口普查数据关于以前居住地的总体有效性的评估，特别是对研究社区具体迁移情况的评估，是不断发展的。它将为许多对社区动力学感兴趣的研究人员提供非常有价值的信息，用于各种科学目的，包括与健康无关的目的。此外，由于当地研究越来越多地被用来为公共卫生政策提供信息，探索选择性移徙是否是一种可持续的相互竞争的解释，从而对了解各地区观察到的死亡率曲线的巨大差异产生影响，对于确定种族/民族和社会经济健康差异研究的最有前途的未来方向至关重要。项目/叙事研究人员发现，人们生活在美国的地方与他们的健康和预期寿命有关，即使是在相同种族、性别或年龄的人之间，或者生活在具有相似社会经济特征的社区中也是如此。但大多数这样的研究无法区分这种联系是反映了不同的社会和物理环境对健康的影响，还是人们=S决定搬迁可能与他们的健康有关。拟议的研究使用了新的人口普查数据，使我们能够区分这些相互矛盾的解释，从而可能为继续研究和制定政策提供更好的基础，以减少健康方面的社会差异。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Exploring the Import of Health-related Residential Mobility to Local Area Studies Description / Summary: Although most studies of place effects on health are ecological or multilevel analyses of cross-sectional data, findings are often interpreted as evidence that neighborhood context impacts health beyond the composition of the resident population. This interpretation implicitly assumes that local populations are static, although clearly they are dynamic, and the changes they experience could be health-related. If residential mobility across local areas is health-related, common contextual interpretations of cross-sectional findings might be misleading. Few investigators have addressed this question because few data sets provide information on health and migration and have sufficiently large samples to study migration across local areas. However, information on respondents' place of residence 5 years prior to the Census was collected to the ZIP code level for the first time in the 2000 Census, providing the opportunity to explore this research question. Yet, because ZIP code data for this item are relatively new and available only to investigators who successfully apply to use confidential census data, their quality has not been established. We have been authorized to analyze these data at the Michigan Census Research Data Center to test the hypothesis that selective migration contributes to the observed local geographic patterning of health. This exploratory and developmental project will build on our previous work by first updating to the year 2000 local area morbidity and mortality analyses we conducted for 1980 and1990 using standard demographic statistical techniques applied to census and vital statistics data. Second, we will explore the quality of 2000 Census data on prior place of residence at the ZIP code level. Third, we will estimate the association between health and the probability that a person moved into or out of our specific local areas between the years 1995 and 2000, and the impact of differential migration on the health of the population remaining in each area in 2000. The assessment of the validity of 2000 Census data on prior place of residence, overall, and for studying community-specific moves, in particular, is developmental. It will provide highly valuable information to the many researchers interested in neighborhood dynamics for various scientific purposes, including ones that are not health-related. In addition, because local area studies are increasingly used to inform public health policy, exploring whether selective migration is a sustainable competing explanation to place effects for understanding dramatic differences in mortality profiles observed across local areas is critical for identifying the most promising future directions for research on racial/ethnic and socioeconomic health disparities. Project / Narrative Researchers have found that where people live in the United States is associated with their health and life- expectancy, even among people of the same race, gender, or age or living in communities with similar socioeconomic characteristics. But most such studies cannot distinguish between whether this association reflects the impact of different social and physical environments on health or the possibility that people=s decision to move to new places might be related to their health. The proposed research uses new Census data that should allow us to distinguish between these competing explanations and, thus, may provide an improved basis for continued research and policy making to reduce social disparities in health.