Exploring the Import of Health-Related Residential Mobility to Local Area Studies

探索与健康相关的居住流动性对当地研究的重要性

• 批准号: 7931861
• 负责人: Arline T Geronimus
• 金额: $ 8.02万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN AT ANN ARBOR
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2009
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2009-09-30 至 2010-09-29
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/7931861
• 关键词: Address; Age; Area; Censuses; Characteristics; Code; Communities; Cross-Sectional Studies; Data; Data Analyses; Data Set; Development; Future; Gender; Health; Health Policy; Life; Life Expectancy; Michigan; Morbidity - disease rate; Neighborhoods; Pattern; Persons; Physical environment; Policy Making; Population; Probability; Public Health; Race; Research; Research Personnel; Residential Mobility; Respondent; Sampling; Techniques; Testing; Time; United States; Update; Vital Statistics; Work; base; experience; health disparity; improved; interest; migration; mortality; population health; racial and ethnic; residence; social; social disparities; socioeconomics

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Exploring the Import of Health-related Residential Mobility to Local Area Studies Description / Summary: Although most studies of place effects on health are ecological or multilevel analyses of cross-sectional data, findings are often interpreted as evidence that neighborhood context impacts health beyond the composition of the resident population. This interpretation implicitly assumes that local populations are static, although clearly they are dynamic, and the changes they experience could be health-related. If residential mobility across local areas is health-related, common contextual interpretations of cross-sectional findings might be misleading. Few investigators have addressed this question because few data sets provide information on health and migration and have sufficiently large samples to study migration across local areas. However, information on respondents' place of residence 5 years prior to the Census was collected to the ZIP code level for the first time in the 2000 Census, providing the opportunity to explore this research question. Yet, because ZIP code data for this item are relatively new and available only to investigators who successfully apply to use confidential census data, their quality has not been established. We have been authorized to analyze these data at the Michigan Census Research Data Center to test the hypothesis that selective migration contributes to the observed local geographic patterning of health. This exploratory and developmental project will build on our previous work by first updating to the year 2000 local area morbidity and mortality analyses we conducted for 1980 and1990 using standard demographic statistical techniques applied to census and vital statistics data. Second, we will explore the quality of 2000 Census data on prior place of residence at the ZIP code level. Third, we will estimate the association between health and the probability that a person moved into or out of our specific local areas between the years 1995 and 2000, and the impact of differential migration on the health of the population remaining in each area in 2000. The assessment of the validity of 2000 Census data on prior place of residence, overall, and for studying community-specific moves, in particular, is developmental. It will provide highly valuable information to the many researchers interested in neighborhood dynamics for various scientific purposes, including ones that are not health-related. In addition, because local area studies are increasingly used to inform public health policy, exploring whether selective migration is a sustainable competing explanation to place effects for understanding dramatic differences in mortality profiles observed across local areas is critical for identifying the most promising future directions for research on racial/ethnic and socioeconomic health disparities. Project / Narrative Researchers have found that where people live in the United States is associated with their health and life- expectancy, even among people of the same race, gender, or age or living in communities with similar socioeconomic characteristics. But most such studies cannot distinguish between whether this association reflects the impact of different social and physical environments on health or the possibility that people=s decision to move to new places might be related to their health. The proposed research uses new Census data that should allow us to distinguish between these competing explanations and, thus, may provide an improved basis for continued research and policy making to reduce social disparities in health.

描述（由申请人提供）：探索进口的健康相关的住宅流动性，以当地的研究描述/摘要：虽然大多数研究的地方对健康的影响是生态或多层次分析的横截面数据，调查结果往往被解释为证据表明，邻里环境影响健康以外的居民人口的组成。这种解释隐含地假定当地人口是静态的，尽管他们显然是动态的，他们经历的变化可能与健康有关。如果当地居民的流动性与健康有关，那么对横断面调查结果的常见背景解释可能会产生误导。很少有研究人员探讨这个问题，因为很少有数据集提供关于健康和移徙的信息，也没有足够大的样本来研究跨地区的移徙。然而，在2000年人口普查中，首次收集了调查对象在普查前5年的居住地信息，并按邮政编码收集，从而为探讨这一研究问题提供了机会。然而，由于这一项目的邮政编码数据相对较新，只有成功申请使用保密普查数据的调查人员才能获得，因此其质量尚未确定。我们已被授权在密歇根州人口普查研究数据中心分析这些数据，以检验选择性移民有助于观察到的当地地理健康模式的假设。这一探索性和发展性项目将以我们以前的工作为基础，首先将我们在1980年和1990年进行的当地发病率和死亡率分析更新到2000年，使用的是适用于人口普查和生命统计数据的标准人口统计技术。第二，我们将探讨2000年人口普查关于邮政编码一级先前居住地的数据的质量。第三，我们将估计健康与1995年至2000年期间一个人迁入或迁出我们特定地区的概率之间的关联，以及2000年不同移民对留在每个地区的人口健康的影响。对2000年人口普查关于先前居住地的数据的有效性进行的评估，总体而言，特别是对研究社区特定迁移的有效性进行的评估，是发展性的。它将为许多对社区动态感兴趣的研究人员提供非常有价值的信息，用于各种科学目的，包括与健康无关的目的。此外，由于当地研究越来越多地用于为公共卫生政策提供信息，探索选择性移民是否是一种可持续的竞争性解释，以了解在当地观察到的死亡率特征的巨大差异，对于确定种族/民族和社会经济健康差异研究的最有前途的未来方向至关重要。研究人员发现，人们在美国居住的地方与他们的健康和预期寿命有关，即使是在同一种族，性别或年龄或生活在具有相似社会经济特征的社区的人中。但大多数此类研究无法区分这种关联是否反映了不同的社会和物理环境对健康的影响，或者人们搬到新地方的决定可能与他们的健康有关。拟议中的研究使用新的人口普查数据，应使我们能够区分这些相互竞争的解释，从而为继续研究和政策制定提供更好的基础，以减少健康方面的社会差距。