The Cortical Representation of Oculomotor Proprioception

动眼本体感觉的皮质表征

• 批准号: 7415009
• 负责人: MICHAEL E. GOLDBERG
• 金额: $ 20.17万
• 依托单位: COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY HEALTH SCIENCES
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2007
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2007-05-01 至 2009-04-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/7415009
• 关键词: Affect; Area; Attention; Bilateral; Brain; Cells; Contralateral; Data; Dimensions; Eye; Eye Movements; Hand; Head; Human; Ipsilateral; Judgment; Labyrinth; Lateral Geniculate Body; Lead; Length; Lip structure; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Monkeys; Motor; Motor Neurons; Movement; Muscle; Muscle Spindles; Nature; Neurons; Numbers; Ocular orbit; Parietal Lobe; Positioning Attribute; Process; Property; Proprioception; Proprioceptor; Rehabilitation therapy; Relative (related person); Reporting; Research Personnel; Rest; Retina; Retinal; Saccades; Sensory Receptors; Signal Transduction; Skeletal Muscle; Skeletal muscle structure of neck; Skeletal system; Smooth Pursuit; Somatosensory Cortex; Source; Space Perception; Spatial Behavior; Stroke; System; Testing; Thalamic structure; Touch sensation; Trigeminal nerve structure; Visual; Visual system structure; Walkers; association cortex; design; extrastriate visual cortex; eye velocity; frontal eye fields; grasp; insight; lateral intraparietal area; nonhuman primate; oculomotor; orbit muscle; prevent; programs; receptive field; research study; response; sensor; ventral intraparietal area; visual information

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): We have to know where an object is in visual space relative to the body, in order to look at it, move towards it or away from it, reach out and touch it, grasp it, or even throw something at it. Visual information enters the brain via the retina, but because the retina moves in the orbit, knowing where something is on the retina does not automatically tell the brain where it is in space. In order to calculate where something is in space, the brain must know not only where it is in the retina, but where the retina is in space. The brain knows where the head is in space from signals from the vestibular system in the inner ear, and from sensors in the neck muscles. There are signals in the visual association cortex of the brain that report where the eye is in the orbit, but the source of this eye position information is unknown. One possibility is that the source of the eye position signal arises as a corollary discharge from the motor system, because the signal controlling the muscles that move the eye has a component signaling the position of the eye. We have previously discovered such a corollary signal which reports the dimensions of an impending eye movement to cortical neurons. The other possibility is that sensors in the extraocular muscles send a signal to the brain describing the position of the eye in the orbit. Monkey and human extraocular muscles have many sensors which look like the sensors in the skeletal muscles that signal muscle length. These sensors project through the thalamus to area 3a in primary somatosensory cortex (SI), and to the second somatosensory cortex (Sll). In very preliminary experiments we have found cells in both area 3a and Sll (as identified by magnetic resonance imaging) which describe the position of the eye in the orbit. This proposal has two aims: 1) to characterize the eye position signal, looking at its oculomotor, visual, and attentional properties. 2) to determine by anesthetizing the orbit of one eye, if the signal has a proprioceptive or a corollary origin. These experiments will provide insight into the mechanisms by which the brain analyzes space for perception and action, and will help us understand and design rehabilitative strategies for deficits in spatial behavior such as occur after strokes involving the parietal cortex, of which SI and Sll form a component.

描述（申请人提供）：我们要知道一个物体在视觉空间中相对于身体的位置，才能看它、向它移动或远离它、伸手触摸它、抓住它，甚至向它扔东西，视觉信息是通过视网膜进入大脑的，但由于视网膜是在轨道上移动的，知道某个物体在视网膜上的位置并不能自动告诉大脑它在空间中的位置。为了计算某个物体在空间中的位置，大脑不仅要知道它在视网膜中的位置，还要知道视网膜在空间中的位置。大脑通过来自内耳前庭系统和颈部肌肉传感器的信号来知道头部在空间中的位置。在大脑的视觉关联皮层中有信号报告眼睛在眼眶中的位置，但这种眼睛位置信息的来源是未知的。一种可能性是，眼睛位置信号的来源是作为来自运动系统的必然放电而产生的，因为控制使眼睛运动的肌肉的信号具有发信号通知眼睛位置的分量。我们以前已经发现了这样一个必然的信号，它报告了即将到来的眼球运动的皮层神经元的尺寸。另一种可能是眼外肌中的传感器向大脑发送信号，描述眼睛在眼眶中的位置。猴子和人类的眼外肌有许多传感器，它们看起来像骨骼肌中的传感器，可以发出肌肉长度的信号。这些传感器通过丘脑投射到初级躯体感觉皮层（SI）的3a区，并投射到第二躯体感觉皮层（Sll）。在非常初步的实验中，我们已经在区域3a和Sll中发现了描述眼睛在眼眶中的位置的细胞（如通过磁共振成像所识别的）。该建议有两个目的：1）表征眼睛位置信号，查看其眼动、视觉和注意力特性。2)以通过麻醉一只眼睛的眼眶来确定信号是否具有本体感受或必然起源。这些实验将提供对大脑分析感知和行动空间的机制的深入了解，并将帮助我们理解和设计空间行为缺陷的康复策略，例如涉及顶叶皮层的中风后发生的空间行为缺陷，其中SI和Sll形成一个组成部分。