Development of CMOS Based Large-Format X-ray Area Detector for Protein Crystallog

描述（由申请人提供）：我们建议开发一种廉价，但非常高质量的蛋白质晶体学探测器系统，使用CMOS（互补金属氧化物半导体）技术。我们将以现有的X射线CMOS成像系统为基础：由Rad-icon imaging Corporation生产的“RadEye1”。虽然RadEye1已经非常好了，但它目前还不能作为晶体探测器使用。我们计划修改RadEye1，使其比目前的设计更大，噪音更低，读数精度更高。用这种新型CMOS器件构建的探测器系统将比结构分子生物学社区目前使用的探测器更好，而且成本更低。在这个项目的第一阶段，我们将把现有的RadEye模块的有效面积增加4倍，将其像素大小从485米增加到965米。全尺寸（50mm x 100mm）原型将被制造和测试。其次，将重新设计RadEye电子设备，特别是将16位数字化和相关双采样结合起来。我们将使用重新设计的读数制造小型（16像素x16像素）原型器件，进行适当的工程测试（增益、灵敏度、噪声、线性度、空间分辨率等），并验证该器件满足我们的设计规范。在第二阶段，我们计划在全尺寸模块中扩展新设计的像素架构，具有相关双采样和16位读出功能。然后，我们将开发一个完整的探测器系统，将这些模块中的12个集成在一个2x6的阵列中，覆盖面积约为20厘米x 30厘米。作为第二阶段工作的一部分，我们将开发探测器的冷却系统，以将暗电流降低到可接受的水平。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): We propose to develop an inexpensive, yet very high quality detector system for protein crystallography, using CMOS (complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor) technology. We will base this effort on an existing CMOS imaging system for X rays: the "RadEye1" manufactured by Rad-icon Imaging Corporation. Although the RadEye1 is very good already, it isn't currently usable as a crystallographic detector. We plan to modify the RadEye1, by making it bigger, lower noise, and with higher readout precision than its current design. Detector systems built with this new CMOS device will be better than those now used by the structural molecular biology community, and will cost less. During Phase I of this proposed project, we will increase the active area of the existing RadEye module 4-fold, by doubling its pixel size from 485m to 965m. Full-scale (50mm x 100mm) prototypes will be fabricated and tested. Second, the RadEye electronics will be redesigned, specifically to incorporate 16-bit digitization and correlated double sampling. We will fabricate small (16pixel x16pixel) prototype devices with the redesigned readout, conduct appropriate engineering tests (gain, sensitivity, noise, linearity, spatial resolution, etc.), and verify that the device satisfies our design specifications. In Phase II, we plan to scale up the newly designed pixel architecture, featuring correlated double sampling and 16-bit readout, in the full-size module. We will then develop a complete detector system, incorporating 12 of these modules in a 2x6 array that covers an area about 20 cm x 30 cm. As part of the Phase II effort, we will develop the cooling system for the detector to reduce dark current to acceptable levels.