STRUCTURE OF AMORPHOUS METAL-HALOGEN BIOMATERIALS IN ARTHROPOD TOOLS

这个子项目是许多研究子项目中的一个 由NIH/NCRR资助的中心赠款提供的资源。子项目和 研究者（PI）可能从另一个NIH来源获得了主要资金， 因此可以在其他CRISP条目中表示。所列机构为 研究中心，而研究中心不一定是研究者所在的机构。 我们建议使用X射线吸收光谱来表征在大多数节肢动物和其他一些门的表皮工具中生物合成的金属-卤素生物材料。这些表皮工具（尖牙、刺、颚、爪等）的成熟涉及过渡金属（Mn、Fe、Cu、Zn）和卤素（Cl、Br、I）在不能通过X射线衍射表征的无定形结构中的传输和沉积。我们希望发现新的生物学、生物化学和材料化学，以确定这些生物材料在生物合成和成熟过程中的结构和空间分布。大块XAS，然后成像和X射线显微镜将允许详细的结构分析。这些实验的范围从简单的（过渡金属散装XAS荧光激发）到具有挑战性的（低能量成像在微米空间分辨率），将利用SPEAR 3的光束线发展。

This subproject is one of many research subprojects utilizing the resources provided by a Center grant funded by NIH/NCRR. The subproject and investigator (PI) may have received primary funding from another NIH source, and thus could be represented in other CRISP entries. The institution listed is for the Center, which is not necessarily the institution for the investigator. We propose to use x-ray absorption spectroscopy to characterize the metal-halogen biomaterials that are biosynthesized in the cuticular tools of most arthropods and a few other phyla. Maturation of these cuticular tools (fangs, stings, jaws, claws, etc.) involves the transport and deposition of transition metals (Mn, Fe, Cu, Zn) and halogens (Cl, Br, I) in amorphous structures that cannot be characterized by x-ray diffraction. We expect to uncover new biology, biochemistry, and materials chemistry in determining the structures and spatial distribution of these biomaterials during biosynthesis and maturation of these tools. Bulk XAS, followed by imaging and x-ray microscopy will allow detailed structural analysis. These experiments range from the straightforward (transition metal bulk XAS by fluorescence excitation) to the challenging (low-energy imaging at micron spatial resolution) that will take advantage of beamline developments for SPEAR3.