ROBUST DETECTION OF OCULAR DOMINANCE IN HUMANS BOLD 7 T

对人类优势眼的稳健检测 BOLD 7 T

• 批准号: 7721384
• 负责人: ESSA YACOUB
• 金额: $ 7.13万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF MINNESOTA
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2008
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2008-06-01 至 2009-05-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/7721384
• 关键词: Architecture; Blood Vessels; Brain; Cells; Cognitive; Computer Retrieval of Information on Scientific Projects Database; Cortical Column; Data; Felis catus; Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Funding; Grant; Hand; Human; Institution; Knowledge; Maps; Methodology; Monkeys; Neocortex; Ocular Dominance; Ocular dominance columns; Pattern; Physiological; Process; Property; Rattus; Relative (related person); Research; Research Personnel; Resources; Signal Transduction; Source; Structure; System; United States National Institutes of Health; Visual Cortex; base; blood oxygen level dependent; day; gray matter; human subject; magnetic field; research study; sensory cortex

This subproject is one of many research subprojects utilizing the resources provided by a Center grant funded by NIH/NCRR. The subproject and investigator (PI) may have received primary funding from another NIH source, and thus could be represented in other CRISP entries. The institution listed is for the Center, which is not necessarily the institution for the investigator. Cells in the mammalian brain tend to be grouped together according to their afferent and efferent connectivity, as well as their physiological properties. The columnar structures of neocortex are prominent examples of such modular organization, and have been studied extensively in anatomical and physiological experiments in rats, cats and monkeys. The importance of noninvasive study of such structures, in particular in human subjects, cannot be overemphasized. Not surprisingly, therefore, many attempts were made to map cortical columns using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). Yet, the robustness, repeatability, and generality of the hitherto used fMRI methodologies have been a subject of intensive debate. Using differential mapping in a high magnetic field magnet (7 T), we demonstrate here the ability of Hahn Spin-Echo (HSE) BOLD to map the ocular dominance columns (ODCs) of the human visual cortex reproducibly over several days with a high degree of accuracy, relative to expected spatial patterns from post-mortem data. On the other hand, the conventional Gradient-Echo (GE) blood oxygen level dependent (BOLD) signal in some cases failed to resolve ODCs uniformly across the selected gray matter region, due to the presence of non-specific signals. HSE signals uniformly resolved the ODC patterns, providing a more generalized mapping methodology (i.e. one that does not require adjusting experimental approaches based on prior knowledge or assumptions about functional organization and vascular structure in order to avoid confounding large vessel effects) to map unknown columnar systems in the human brain, potentially paving the way both for the study of the functional architecture of human sensory cortices, and of brain modules underlying specific cognitive processes.

这个子项目是许多研究子项目中的一个 由NIH/NCRR资助的中心赠款提供的资源。子项目和 研究者（PI）可能从另一个NIH来源获得了主要资金， 因此可以在其他CRISP条目中表示。所列机构为 研究中心，而研究中心不一定是研究者所在的机构。 哺乳动物大脑中的细胞倾向于根据它们的传入和传出连接以及它们的生理特性分组在一起。新皮质的柱状结构是这种模块化组织的突出例子，并且已经在大鼠、猫和猴子的解剖学和生理学实验中被广泛研究。这种结构的非侵入性研究的重要性，特别是在人类受试者，不能过分强调。因此，毫不奇怪，许多人尝试使用功能性磁共振成像（fMRI）来绘制皮质柱。然而，迄今为止使用的功能磁共振成像方法的鲁棒性，可重复性和通用性一直是激烈辩论的主题。在高磁场磁体（7 T）中使用差分映射，我们在这里展示了Hahn自旋回波（HSE）BOLD在几天内以高度的准确性可重复地映射人类视觉皮层的眼优势列（ODC）的能力，相对于预期的空间模式，从死后数据。另一方面，由于非特异性信号的存在，在某些情况下，传统的回声（GE）血氧水平依赖（BOLD）信号不能均匀地分辨所选灰质区域上的ODC。HSE信号统一地解析了ODC模式，提供了更通用的映射方法（即，不需要基于关于功能组织和血管结构的先验知识或假设来调整实验方法以避免混淆大血管效应的方法）来映射人脑中未知的柱状系统，潜在地为人类感觉皮层的功能结构的研究铺平了道路，以及特定认知过程背后的大脑模块。