NORMAL AGING OF BRAIN STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION

大脑结构和功能的正常老化

• 批准号: 7722860
• 负责人: EDITH VIONI SULLIVAN
• 金额: $ 0.56万
• 依托单位: STANFORD UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2008
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2008-06-01 至 2009-05-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/7722860
• 关键词: Adult; Age; Aging; Anterior; Attention; Computer Retrieval of Information on Scientific Projects Database; Condition; Conflict (Psychology); Corpus Callosum; Elderly; Functional disorder; Funding; Grant; Handedness; Hippocampus (Brain); Institution; Left; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Measurement; Measures; Methods; Pattern; Process; Protocols documentation; Range; Research; Research Personnel; Resources; Right-On; Short-Term Memory; Source; Structure; Structure of genu of corpus callosum; Temporal Lobe; Testing; Thick; United States National Institutes of Health; Visuospatial; Woman; age effect; age related; aging brain; gray matter; men; middle age; normal aging; precedence effect; processing speed; size; white matter

This subproject is one of many research subprojects utilizing the resources provided by a Center grant funded by NIH/NCRR. The subproject and investigator (PI) may have received primary funding from another NIH source, and thus could be represented in other CRISP entries. The institution listed is for the Center, which is not necessarily the institution for the investigator. Aims: Identify age-dependent differences in white matter microstructure with DTI and relate regional FA to function of selective components of attention, working memory, and speeded processes. Methods: We have tested 71 women and 59 men spanning the adult age range in a protocol that includes a single shot spin-echo echo-planar coronal DTI sequence as well as fast spin echo (FSE) and SPoiled Gradient Recalled Echo (SPGR) structural sequences. Some of these subjects (22 middle age, mean age 41 years and 18 elderly, mean age 69 years) performed a Global/Local visuoperceptual test that involves processing of global features, dependent on right hemispheric functioning, and local details, dependent on left hemispheric functioning. Results: We found selective effects of age on attentional mechanisms in local-global feature processing that were beyond general slowing effects including an enhanced local precedence effect in selective but not divided attention conditions in older subjects. We also found significant correlations between the genu of the corpus callosum and the congruency effect and the local inhibition effect suggesting that conflicting local-global information is processed interhemispherically in a push-pull fashion and that reduced genu size of the corpus callosum in older subjects invokes an unbalanced inhibition pattern with greater local than global interference. Conclusions: Visuospatial deficits in aging may depend more on how this information is processed and exchanged between the two hemispheres than on hemispheric dysfunction per se. In a separate analysis of hippocampal volumes measured on dual-echo, spin-echo, 3 mm thick, contiguous coronal magnetic resonance images neither the men nor the women showed significant correlations between hippocampal volumes and age. By contrast, temporal lobe cortical gray matter volumes declined significantly with age both in men and in women. The lack of relationship between hippocampal volume and age endured when only subjects 50 years or older were considered. Measurement sensitivity was adequate to detect the small but significant laterality difference in hippocampal size, with the anterior reaches of the right hippocampus larger than the left.

该子项目是利用该技术的众多研究子项目之一 资源由 NIH/NCRR 资助的中心拨款提供。子项目和 研究者 (PI) 可能已从 NIH 的另一个来源获得主要资金， 因此可以在其他 CRISP 条目中表示。列出的机构是 对于中心来说，它不一定是研究者的机构。 目的：通过 DTI 识别白质微观结构中与年龄相关的差异，并将区域 FA 与注意力、工作记忆和加速过程的选择性组成部分的功能联系起来。 方法：我们测试了涵盖成年年龄范围的 71 名女性和 59 名男性，协议包括单次自旋回波回波平面冠状 DTI 序列以及快速自旋回波 (FSE) 和 SPoiled 梯度回忆回波 (SPGR) 结构序列。其中一些受试者（22 名中年人，平均年龄 41 岁，18 名老年人，平均年龄 69 岁）进行了全局/局部视觉知觉测试，其中涉及处理取决于右半球功能的全局特征和取决于左半球功能的局部细节。 结果：我们发现年龄对局部-全局特征处理中的注意力机制的选择性影响超出了一般的减慢效应，包括老年受试者选择性但非分散注意力条件下局部优先效应的增强。我们还发现胼胝体膝部与一致性效应和局部抑制效应之间存在显着相关性，表明冲突的局部-全局信息以推拉方式在半球间进行处理，并且老年受试者胼胝体膝部尺寸的减小会引发不平衡的抑制模式，局部干扰大于全局干扰。 结论：衰老过程中的视觉空间缺陷可能更多地取决于两个半球之间如何处理和交换这些信息，而不是半球功能障碍本身。 在对双回波、自旋回波、3 毫米厚的连续冠状磁共振图像测量的海马体积进行的单独分析中，男性和女性均未显示海马体积与年龄之间存在显着相关性。相比之下，无论男性还是女性，颞叶皮质灰质体积都随着年龄的增长而显着下降。 当仅考虑 50 岁或以上的受试者时，海马体积和年龄之间缺乏相关性。 测量灵敏度足以检测海马体大小的微小但显着的侧向差异，右侧海马体的前部大于左侧海马体的前部。