NORMAL AGING OF BRAIN STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION

大脑结构和功能的正常老化

• 批准号: 7722860
• 负责人: EDITH VIONI SULLIVAN
• 金额: $ 0.56万
• 依托单位: STANFORD UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2008
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2008-06-01 至 2009-05-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/7722860
• 关键词: Adult; Age; Aging; Anterior; Attention; Computer Retrieval of Information on Scientific Projects Database; Condition; Conflict (Psychology); Corpus Callosum; Elderly; Functional disorder; Funding; Grant; Handedness; Hippocampus (Brain); Institution; Left; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Measurement; Measures; Methods; Pattern; Process; Protocols documentation; Range; Research; Research Personnel; Resources; Right-On; Short-Term Memory; Source; Structure; Structure of genu of corpus callosum; Temporal Lobe; Testing; Thick; United States National Institutes of Health; Visuospatial; Woman; age effect; age related; aging brain; gray matter; men; middle age; normal aging; precedence effect; processing speed; size; white matter

This subproject is one of many research subprojects utilizing the resources provided by a Center grant funded by NIH/NCRR. The subproject and investigator (PI) may have received primary funding from another NIH source, and thus could be represented in other CRISP entries. The institution listed is for the Center, which is not necessarily the institution for the investigator. Aims: Identify age-dependent differences in white matter microstructure with DTI and relate regional FA to function of selective components of attention, working memory, and speeded processes. Methods: We have tested 71 women and 59 men spanning the adult age range in a protocol that includes a single shot spin-echo echo-planar coronal DTI sequence as well as fast spin echo (FSE) and SPoiled Gradient Recalled Echo (SPGR) structural sequences. Some of these subjects (22 middle age, mean age 41 years and 18 elderly, mean age 69 years) performed a Global/Local visuoperceptual test that involves processing of global features, dependent on right hemispheric functioning, and local details, dependent on left hemispheric functioning. Results: We found selective effects of age on attentional mechanisms in local-global feature processing that were beyond general slowing effects including an enhanced local precedence effect in selective but not divided attention conditions in older subjects. We also found significant correlations between the genu of the corpus callosum and the congruency effect and the local inhibition effect suggesting that conflicting local-global information is processed interhemispherically in a push-pull fashion and that reduced genu size of the corpus callosum in older subjects invokes an unbalanced inhibition pattern with greater local than global interference. Conclusions: Visuospatial deficits in aging may depend more on how this information is processed and exchanged between the two hemispheres than on hemispheric dysfunction per se. In a separate analysis of hippocampal volumes measured on dual-echo, spin-echo, 3 mm thick, contiguous coronal magnetic resonance images neither the men nor the women showed significant correlations between hippocampal volumes and age. By contrast, temporal lobe cortical gray matter volumes declined significantly with age both in men and in women. The lack of relationship between hippocampal volume and age endured when only subjects 50 years or older were considered. Measurement sensitivity was adequate to detect the small but significant laterality difference in hippocampal size, with the anterior reaches of the right hippocampus larger than the left.

这个子项目是许多研究子项目中的一个 由NIH/NCRR资助的中心赠款提供的资源。子项目和 研究者（PI）可能从另一个NIH来源获得了主要资金， 因此可以在其他CRISP条目中表示。所列机构为 研究中心，而研究中心不一定是研究者所在的机构。 目的： 用DTI识别白色微结构的年龄依赖性差异，并将区域FA与注意力、工作记忆和加速过程的选择性成分的功能联系起来。 研究方法：我们测试了71名女性和59名男性，年龄跨度为成年人，测试方案包括单次激发自旋回波回波平面冠状DTI序列以及快速自旋回波（FSE）和SPoiled梯度回波（SPGR）结构序列。其中一些受试者（22名中年受试者，平均年龄41岁，18名老年受试者，平均年龄69岁）进行了全局/局部视觉感知测试，该测试涉及依赖于右半球功能的全局特征处理和依赖于左半球功能的局部细节处理。 结果如下：我们发现年龄对局部-全局特征处理中的注意机制的选择性影响超出了一般的减慢效应，包括老年受试者在选择性但不分散注意条件下增强的局部优先效应。我们还发现，胼胝体和一致性效应和局部抑制效应之间的显著相关性，这表明冲突的局部-全局信息处理的推拉方式，并在老年受试者的胼胝体的大小减少引起了不平衡的抑制模式，更大的本地比全球的干扰。 结论：衰老过程中的视觉空间缺陷可能更多地取决于两个半球之间如何处理和交换这些信息，而不是半球功能障碍本身。 在一个单独的分析海马体积测量的双回波，自旋回波，3毫米厚，连续冠状磁共振图像的男性和女性都没有表现出海马体积和年龄之间的显着相关性。相比之下，男性和女性的颞叶皮质灰质体积随着年龄的增长而显着下降。 海马体积和年龄之间缺乏相关性，当仅考虑50岁或以上的受试者时。 测量灵敏度足以检测海马大小的微小但显著的偏侧差异，右侧海马的前部大于左侧。