Sex and Gender Influences on Addiction and Health: A Developmental Perspective

性和性别对成瘾和健康的影响：发展的角度

• 批准号: 7687919
• 负责人: Emmalee S. Bandstra
• 金额: $ 122.09万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF MIAMI SCHOOL OF MEDICINE
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2007
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2007-09-30 至 2012-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/7687919
• 关键词: Sex; Gender; Influences; Addiction; Health

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): This proposal seeks to establish a Specialized Center of Interdisciplinary Research (SCOR) on the overarching theme of sex and gender factors affecting addiction and health. The Center's mission is to address the health concerns of women and their developing offspring affected by drug abuse by providing the optimal environment to encourage and facilitate clinical and translational research. The approach will be to use interdisciplinary translational and clinical studies to assess sex/gender-specific differences in vulnerability to drug-taking and drug effects across development in adolescent and adult females and males with and without prenatal exposure to cocaine and other drugs. Project #1 (PI: Dow-Edwards), "Sex Differences in Drug Effects: The Prenatal Trajectory", is a series of preclinical translational studies using an established rat model of prenatal drug exposure. This project will examine the roles of prenatal cocaine exposure, postnatal environment, and polydrug exposure (cocaine with nicotine, THC, and alcohol) in the development of drug-taking behavior in male and female adolescent rats, emphasizing sex differences in conditioned place preference for cocaine and elucidating the potential biologic basis for sex differences by functional imaging and neurochemical assessments. Project #2 (PI: Izenwasser), "Sex Differences in Drug Effects: The Adolescent Trajectory" is a series of preclinical translational studies, the focus of which is to study the effects of nicotine, marijuana (A9-THC) and cocaine in male and female adolescent and adult rats on behavior and neurochemistry during adolescence and later during adulthood. Project #3 (PI: Bandstra), "Sex and Gender Influences on Adolescent Drug Involvement" is a clinical investigation of sex and gender differences affecting risk for drug abuse in adolescents (and ultimately as adults) with and without prenatal exposure to cocaine and other drugs. Subjects were enrolled in the Miami Prenatal Cocaine Study (n=476); and assessed through early adolescence (retention 85 percent) for neuropsychological and other outcomes. In this proposal, subjects will be assessed at age 16 and 18 years by self-report and biomarkers for drug involvement, caregiver and self-report of psychosocial risk factors, and laboratory measures of stress reactivity, risk-taking, and decision-making. Analyses will include consideration of the influence of prenatal cocaine exposure on later drug involvement in the female and male adolescents. The Administrative Core will host a Scientific Steering Committee and Internal and External Advisory Committees of interdisciplinary investigators with relevant expertise. Enhanced understanding of the differential effects of drugs of abuse in females and males across development (from prenatal to postnatal exposures during adolescence and adulthood) should lead to improved sex-, gender-, and age-specific preventions and treatments for drug addiction and related conditions.

描述（由申请人提供）：该提案旨在建立一个跨学科研究的专业中心（SCOR），其主题是影响成瘾和健康的性和性别因素。该中心的使命是通过提供最佳环境，鼓励和促进临床和转化研究，解决受药物滥用影响的妇女及其发育中的后代的健康问题。方法将是利用跨学科转化和临床研究，评估产前接触和未接触可卡因和其他药物的青少年和成年男女在吸毒和药物影响方面的性别/性别差异。项目1（PI：Dow-Edwards），“药物效应的性别差异：产前轨迹”，是一系列使用已建立的产前药物暴露大鼠模型的临床前转化研究。本项目将研究产前可卡因暴露，出生后的环境，和多药暴露（可卡因与尼古丁，四氢大麻酚，酒精）在男性和女性青少年大鼠吸毒行为的发展中的作用，强调可卡因条件性位置偏好的性别差异，并阐明功能成像和神经化学评估的性别差异的潜在生物学基础。项目2（PI：Izenwasser），“药物效应的性别差异：青少年轨迹”是一系列临床前转化研究，其重点是研究尼古丁、大麻（A9-THC）和可卡因对雄性和雌性青少年和成年大鼠在青春期和成年期行为和神经化学的影响。项目#3（PI：Bandstra），“性和性别对青少年药物参与的影响”是一项临床研究，研究性别差异对产前接触和未接触可卡因和其他药物的青少年（最终成为成年人）滥用药物风险的影响。受试者参加了迈阿密产前随访研究（n=476）;并评估了通过早期青春期（保留85%）的神经心理和其他结果。在本提案中，将在16岁和18岁时通过药物参与的自我报告和生物标志物、心理社会风险因素的护理者和自我报告以及应激反应、冒险和决策的实验室测量对受试者进行评估。分析将包括考虑产前可卡因暴露对女性和男性青少年后期药物参与的影响。行政核心将主持一个科学指导委员会和内部和外部咨询委员会，由具有相关专门知识的跨学科调查人员组成。加强对滥用药物在女性和男性整个发育过程中（从产前到青春期和成年期的产后接触）的不同影响的认识，应有助于改进针对不同性别、性别和年龄的吸毒成瘾和相关病症的预防和治疗。