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Is increased chemical complexity of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) related to increasing salinity in polar sea ice?

细胞外聚合物 (EPS) 化学复杂性的增加是否与极地海冰盐度的增加有关？

基本信息

批准号：
NE/D006988/1
负责人：
Graham Underwood
金额：
$ 8.21万
依托单位：
University of Essex
依托单位国家：
英国
项目类别：
Research Grant
财政年份：
2006
资助国家：
英国
起止时间：
2006 至无数据
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=NE%2FD006988%2F1
关键词：
increased chemical complexity extracellular polymeric

项目摘要

Sea ice is found in frozen polar seas and covers approximately 13% of the Earth's surface. As seawater freezes, the salt present in the water becomes concentrated as brines within channels in the sea ice. These brine channels provide a habitat for a host of organisms, particularly single celled algae. Their biological activity results in high amounts of dissolved organic matter being produced in the brine channels, and both this material and the cells themselves are available as a food resource for other organisms. It has been found that the dissolved organic compounds in sea ice consist primarily of large polysaccharide molecules forming slimes or gels. This material is called EPS (extracellular polymeric substances). EPS are important because they can modify the environment surrounding a cell. It is throught that sea ice EPS help prevent freezing damage and exclude the high concentrations salts solutions which would otherwise damage cells. In this proposal, we will analyse the chemical composition of EPS taken from various sea ice samples collected during 2004-05 in the Antarctic ocean. It is expected that algal will make more complex EPS as the salt concentrations in the brine increase. These samples will allow us to determine whether the chemical composition of EPS does changes as the salinity increases, and what those chemical changes are. This information with help scientists understand how cells survive in harsh conditions and understand how EPS structure can be modified to provide useful environmental protection. These results will also be interesting to scientists working in other environments, where cells are stressed and wrap themselves in EPS.

海冰存在于冰冻的极地海洋中，覆盖了大约13%的地球表面。当海水结冰时，水中的盐在海冰的通道中浓缩成盐水。这些盐水通道为许多生物提供了栖息地，特别是单细胞藻类。它们的生物活性导致在盐水通道中产生大量溶解的有机物质，这种物质和细胞本身都可作为其他生物的食物资源。已经发现，海冰中溶解的有机化合物主要由形成粘液或凝胶的大多糖分子组成。这种物质被称为EPS（胞外聚合物）。EPS很重要，因为它们可以改变细胞周围的环境。这是正确的，海冰EPS有助于防止冻害，并排除高浓度的盐溶液，否则会损害细胞。在本提案中，我们将分析2004-05年期间在南极海洋收集的各种海冰样品中的EPS的化学成分。预计随着盐水中盐浓度的增加，藻类将产生更复杂的EPS。这些样本将使我们能够确定EPS的化学成分是否会随着盐度的增加而变化，以及这些化学变化是什么。这些信息有助于科学家了解细胞如何在恶劣条件下生存，并了解如何修改EPS结构以提供有用的环境保护。这些结果对于在其他环境中工作的科学家来说也很有趣，在这些环境中，细胞受到压力并将自己包裹在EPS中。

项目成果

期刊论文数量（3）

专著数量（0）

科研奖励数量（0）

会议论文数量（0）

专利数量（0）

Distribution and composition of dissolved extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) in Antarctic sea ice

DOI：
10.3354/meps08557
发表时间：
2010-04
期刊：
Marine Ecology Progress Series
影响因子：
2.5
作者：
G. Underwood;S. Fietz;S. Papadimitriou;D. Thomas;G. Dieckmann
通讯作者：
G. Underwood;S. Fietz;S. Papadimitriou;D. Thomas;G. Dieckmann

Protection of cells from salinity stress by extracellular polymeric substances in diatom biofilms.

DOI：
10.1080/08927014.2014.960859
发表时间：
2014-09
期刊：
Biofouling
影响因子：
2.7
作者：
Steele DJ;Franklin DJ;Underwood GJ
通讯作者：
Underwood GJ

Broad-scale predictability of carbohydrates and exopolymers in Antarctic and Arctic sea ice.

南极和北极海冰中碳水化合物和外聚物的大范围可预测性。

DOI：
10.1073/pnas.1302870110
发表时间：
2013
期刊：
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
影响因子：
11.1
作者：
Underwood GJ
通讯作者：
Underwood GJ