A Global Geostationary Biomass Burning Emissions Estimation System for Use in Forecasting of Atmospheric State

生物质燃烧是地球-大气系统的主要动力，排放的烟雾污染物在空间和时间上都是高度可变的。通过转让NERC赠款NER/Z/S/2001/01027的知识和成果，该NERC知识转让(KT)项目将通过以下方式设计、建造和评估第一个BB排放源强度的全球地球静止观测系统：(I)调整和实施在赠款下开发的火灾探测和表征算法，用于全套地球静止系统(目前为2 x气象卫星SEVIRI、2 x GOES和MTSAT；(Ii)将其与联合王国气象局共同制定的云遮蔽程序联系起来，以及(Iii)对气象局对这些数据的实时馈送进行BB场景分析。该提案不涉及新的科学，因此没有资格获得NERC标准拨款，但将转移知识，使气象局能够生产出一种独特的、被广泛呼吁的BB产品，并将该产品转移给项目合作伙伴，用于大气状况预报。因此，这些预测产品的用户也将获得KT的好处。输出的BB产品将被合成为具有量化不确定性的统一、一致和经过验证的数据流，并将在必要的时间步长上提供用于预测目的。产品规格和文件特征将根据气象局和欧洲中期天气预报中心(ECMWF)的要求通知。BB产品将根据同时更高的空间分辨率观测进行验证，并将被纳入当前的大气状态预测程序，并将大气微量气体、气溶胶和二氧化碳浓度的变化归因于因果机制。

Biomass burning (BB) is a major dynamic of the earth-atmosphere system, emitting smoke pollutants in quantities that are highly variable in space and time. By transferring knowledge and results from NERC grant NER/Z/S/2001/01027 this NERC Knowledge Transfer (KT) Project will design, build and evaluate the first system for the global geostationary observation of BB emissions source strength by (i) adapting and implementing the fire detection and characterisation algorithms developed under the grant for use with the full suite of geostationary systems (currently 2 x Meteosat SEVIRI, 2 x GOES, and MTSAT; with the possibility of INSAT3D after launch), (ii) linking this to cloud-masking procedures developed in concert with the UK Meteorological Office, and (iii) running the resultant BB scene analysis on the Meteorological Office real-time feeds for these data. The proposal does not undertake new science, and so is ineligible for NERC Standard Grant funding, but will transfer knowledge to enable Meteorological Office to produce a unique and widely called for BB product and will transfer that product onward to project partners for use in forecasts of atmospheric state. Users of these forecast products will thus also receive the benefit of the KT. The output BB product will be synthesised to a uniform, consistent and validated datastream with quantified uncertainties that will be made available at the necessary timesteps for forecast purposes. Product specification and file characteristics will be informed by the requirements of the Meteorological Office and the European Centre for Medium Range Weather Forecasting (ECMWF). The BB product will be validated against simultaneous higher spatial resolution observations and will be incorporated into current procedures for forecasting of atmospheric state and the ascribing of causal mechanisms to noted changes in atmospheric trace gas, aerosol and CO2 concentrations.