ANATOMY AND PHARMACOLOGY OF FEAR-POTENTIATED STARTLE

这个子项目是许多研究子项目中的一个 由NIH/NCRR资助的中心赠款提供的资源。子项目及 研究者（PI）可能从另一个NIH来源获得了主要资金， 因此可以在其他CRISP条目中表示。所列机构为 研究中心，而研究中心不一定是研究者所在的机构。 我们发现：雌激素和与雌激素受体结合的药物干扰雌性大鼠的抑制性学习，但对雄性大鼠没有影响。生长因子--脑源性神经营养因子在气味激活大脑恐惧中心杏仁核的通路的不同部位增加。 一种叫做谷氨酸的神经递质的不同亚基影响着条件反射恐惧的学习。阿片类药物吗啡和丁丙诺啡可以阻断条件性恐惧，并且都对这种作用表现出耐受性。一种被称为P物质的肽，当局部注入连接杏仁核内侧核和脑干听觉惊吓反射通路的神经通路的不同部分时，可以阻断条件性恐惧。

This subproject is one of many research subprojects utilizing the resources provided by a Center grant funded by NIH/NCRR. The subproject and investigator (PI) may have received primary funding from another NIH source, and thus could be represented in other CRISP entries. The institution listed is for the Center, which is not necessarily the institution for the investigator. We have found that: Estrogen and drugs that bind to the estrogen receptor interfere with inhibitory learning in female but not male rats. The growth factor brain derived neurotropic factor increases in different parts of the pathway that allows an odor to activate the brain's fear center called the amygdala. Different subunits of a neurotransmitter called glutamate affect learning of conditioning fear. The opiates morphine and buprenorphine block conditioned fear and both show tolerance to this effect. A peptide called Substance P blocks conditioned fear when infused locally into different parts of the neural pathway that connects the medial nucleus of the amygdale to the acoustic startle reflex pathway in the brainstem.