HIV/AIDS Prevention for Men with Intellectual Disabilities

智力障碍男性的艾滋病毒/艾滋病预防

• 批准号: 7925252
• 负责人: JENNIFER J. WELLS
• 金额: $ 20.92万
• 依托单位: TECH ASSISTANCE INST/INTELLECTUAL DISABL
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2010
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2010-05-01 至 2012-04-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/7925252
• 关键词: 18 year old; Abstinence; Address; Adult; Algorithms; Attention; Attitude; Behavior; Behavioral; Bisexual; CD-I; CD-ROM; Categories; Client; Clinic; Computers; Consumer Satisfaction; Contracts; Data Analyses; Decision Making; Development; Disabled Persons; Drug usage; Educational Curriculum; Educational process of instructing; Elements; Environment; Evaluation; Failure; Family; Family Caregiver; Female; Flowcharts; Focus Groups; Gays; Goals; HIV; Health; Hemp; Heterosexuals; Home environment; Homosexuals; Housing; Human immunodeficiency virus test; Individual; Injection of therapeutic agent; Institution; Instruction; Intellectual functioning disability; Knowledge; Language; Lead; Learning; Libraries; Life; Liquid substance; Literature; Marketing; Mediation; Methodology; Methods; Modeling; Names; Outcome; Pain; Parents; Perception; Phase; Population; Prevalence; Prevention; Prevention program; Procedures; Process; Production; Provider; Randomized; Relative (related person); Reporting; Research; Resources; Risk; Screening procedure; Series; Services; Sex Behavior; Sexual Abstinence; Sexual Health; Sexuality; Technology; Telephone Interviews; Television; Testing; United States; Unsafe Sex; Waiting Lists; Woman; Writing; advocacy organizations; animation; base; clinically significant; computer program; condoms; design; experience; falls; fight against; grasp; high risk; interactive multimedia; interest; male; man; men; motivational enhancement therapy; peer; penis; programs; prototype; public health relevance; remediation; residence; sex; sexual encounter; sexually active; skills; tool; transmission process

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): The purpose of this application is to develop a fully interactive, multimedia computer-based CD-ROM HIV/AIDS prevention curriculum for adult men with mild and moderate intellectual disabilities (I.Q. approximately 940 through 75). This prototype (i.e., initial Phase I development effort) will focus on HIV/AIDS transmission and prevention related to sexual behavior. The Phase I program, "Respect Now" will develop a fully functional interactive CD-ROM prototype that addresses a) transmission of HIV/AIDS through sexual contact (i.e., what HIV/AIDS is, high-risk sexual fluids, sexual behavior), and b) taking responsibility for condom usage (i.e., what a condom is, where to purchase them, keeping them handy, how to put a condom on a penis). All content will be tailored by sexual behavior, by expressed sexual interest (heterosexual, bisexual or homosexual), and content mastery. Formative procedures (i.e., focus groups and telephone interviews) will be used to identify HIV/AIDS risk issues unique to men with ID (e.g., socially-appropriate responding; acquiescing; lack of ability to identify exploitative relationships, passivity, etc.) to inform program content, scriptwriting, and framing. To demonstrate the feasibility of our approach by evaluating the Phase I program with both of our targeted user groups: adult men with mild and moderate ID and service providers who would purchase and use the program with their clients. This evaluative approach will allow us to establish that the program is useable by men with mild and moderate ID, effective at teaching them about the transmission and avoidance of HIV/AIDS, and condom use, and that they rate it highly on essential consumer satisfaction factors. In addition, we will confirm that the program is seen by service providers as appropriate for their clients, that it provides vital information and that they would use it and recommend it to their colleagues. Positive outcomes on both these evaluative activities will validate moving forward with a Phase II product. At Phase II, the program will be expanded to address relationship-based HIV/AIDS avoidance strategies and getting tested for HIV/AIDS. To evaluate this expanded program, we will conduct a randomized wait-list control field test with at least 150 men with ID and 40 professional evaluators. PUBLIC HEALTH RELEVANCE: While there continues to be little research on the prevalence of HIV/AIDS among people with intellectual disabilities (ID), there is reason to believe that the prevalence of HIV/AIDS in men with ID is similar to, if not greater than, that of the non-ID population. Research has shown that people with disabilities are more likely than their nondisabled peers to have been tested for HIV, however this is not true for people with ID. In fact, people with ID are significantly less likely to be tested for HIV (Neri, Bradley, & Groce, 2007). Men with ID who have sex with non-ID men commonly engage in sexual acts which are emotionally and physically painful, are characterized by extreme power imbalance, and because of their passivity, prone to unsafe sex practices (Thompson, 1994). The literature indicates that these men are highly susceptible to sexual exploitation by males without ID, and in our preliminary studies, by non-ID female addicts, both of which contribute to a significant risk for their contracting HIV/AIDS. Furthermore, males with ID are not infrequently involved in sexual behavior with other men, however they are not gay-identified, more often "trading favors" with their peers (Cambridge, 1997; Thompson, 1994). There is a significant need to assure all men with ID have the tools to make safer sexual decisions and avoid contracting HIV/AIDS.

描述（由申请人提供）：本申请的目的是为轻度和中度智力残疾（I.Q.）的成年男性开发一个完全互动的、基于计算机的多媒体CD-ROM艾滋病毒/艾滋病预防课程。约940至75）。这个原型（即，初步第一阶段发展工作）将侧重于与性行为有关的艾滋病毒/艾滋病传播和预防。第一阶段方案“现在就尊重”将开发一个功能齐全的互动光盘原型，解决a）通过性接触传播艾滋病毒/艾滋病（即，艾滋病毒/艾滋病是什么，高危性液体，性行为），和B）对安全套的使用负责（即，避孕套是什么，在哪里购买，放在手边，如何把避孕套戴在阴茎上）。所有内容都将根据性行为，表达的性兴趣（异性恋，双性恋或同性恋）和内容掌握量身定制。 形成性程序（即，焦点小组和电话访谈）将被用来确定艾滋病毒/艾滋病的风险问题，独特的男性ID（例如，社会适当的反应;默许;缺乏识别剥削关系的能力，被动等）为节目内容、编剧和框架提供信息。为了证明我们的方法的可行性，通过评估第一阶段计划与我们的目标用户群：成年男子与轻度和中度ID和服务提供商谁将购买和使用该计划与他们的客户。这种评估方法将使我们能够确定，该计划是由轻度和中度ID的男子可用，有效地教导他们有关艾滋病毒/艾滋病的传播和避免，以及安全套的使用，他们的评价很高的基本消费者满意度因素。此外，我们将确认该计划被服务提供商视为适合其客户，它提供了重要的信息，他们将使用它并推荐给他们的同事。这两项评估活动的积极成果将验证第二阶段产品的进展。 在第二阶段，该方案将扩大到解决基于关系的艾滋病毒/艾滋病避免战略和接受艾滋病毒/艾滋病检测。为了评估这一扩大的计划，我们将进行一项随机的等待名单控制现场测试，至少有150名男性ID和40名专业评估人员。 公共卫生相关性：虽然仍然很少有关于智力残疾人中艾滋病毒/艾滋病流行率的研究，但有理由相信，艾滋病毒/艾滋病在智力残疾男子中的流行率与非智力残疾人口相似，如果不是更高的话。研究表明，残疾人比他们的非残疾同龄人更有可能接受艾滋病毒检测，但这对ID的人来说并非如此。事实上，ID的人接受艾滋病毒检测的可能性要小得多（Neri，布拉德利，& Groce，2007）。与非ID男性发生性关系的ID男性通常会进行情感和身体痛苦的性行为，其特征是极端的权力不平衡，并且由于他们的被动性，容易发生不安全的性行为（Thompson，1994）。文献表明，这些男子很容易受到没有身份证的男性的性剥削，在我们的初步研究中，也很容易受到没有身份证的女性吸毒者的性剥削，这两种情况都是他们感染艾滋病毒/艾滋病的重大风险。此外，患有ID的男性经常与其他男性发生性行为，但他们不是同性恋，更经常与同龄人“交易”（剑桥，1997年;汤普森，1994年）。非常有必要确保所有感染艾滋病的男子拥有作出安全性行为决定和避免感染艾滋病毒/艾滋病的工具。