Reducing Violence in the Lives of People with Intellectual Disabilities

减少智障人士生活中的暴力

• 批准号: 8122753
• 负责人: JENNIFER J. WELLS
• 金额: $ 29.75万
• 依托单位: TECH ASSISTANCE INST/INTELLECTUAL DISABL
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2011
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2011-07-01 至 2013-06-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8122753
• 关键词: Adult; Age; Area; Awareness; Behavior; Behavioral; Behavioral Research; Burglary; CD-ROM; Case Manager; Cognitive; Commit; Communication; Complex; Computer Assisted; Crime; Crime Victims; Decision Making; Development; Disabled Persons; E-learning; Educational Materials; Educational process of instructing; Elements; Emotional; Environment; Evaluation; Exercise; Feasibility Studies; Feeling; Female; Forcible intercourse; Health; Household; Individual; Intellectual functioning disability; Learning; Libraries; Life; Marketing; Measures; Medical; Mental Health; Mission; Motor Vehicles; National Institute of Child Health and Human Development; Parents; Penetration; Persons; Phase; Play; Population; Prevalence; Prevention; Program Development; Property; Provider; Public Health; Reporting; Resistance; Respondent; Right to Life; Risk; Role; Safety; Schools; Self-Help Devices; Series; Services; Sexual abuse; Shapes; Social Interaction; Social Workers; Societies; Surveys; Techniques; Telephone Interviews; Testing; Theft; Time; Training; Training Programs; Translations; Victimization; Violence; Woman; Work; abuse neglect; advocacy organizations; assault; cognitive function; commercial application; computer program; design; disability; emotional abuse; empowered; experience; financial exploitation; high risk; improved; innovation; interactive multimedia; interest; male; maltreatment; men; perpetrators; physical abuse; programs; prototype; psychologic; robbery; sexual assault; skills; skills training

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): As measured by the National Crime Victimization Survey (NCVS), people with disabilities age 12 and older experienced approximately 716,000 nonfatal violent crimes and 2.3 million property crimes in 2007. Rape, sexual assault, robbery, aggravated assault and simple assault are classified as nonfatal violent crimes. Property crimes consist of household burglary, motor vehicle theft, and property theft. Significant findings from the NCVS report indicate that people with a cognitive functioning disability had a higher risk of violent victimization than persons with any other type of disability, that violent crime was 1.5 times higher than the rate for people without a disability, and the rate of rape or sexual assault was more than twice the rate for people without a disability.9 In studies specific to individuals with cognitive functioning disabilities, Sobsey (1994) found people with ID are 4 to 10 times more likely to be victims of crime than are people without disabilities.1 In a series of studies involving people with intellectual disabilities (ID), Sobsey and Doe found that of 166 respondents, 82 percent of women and 18 percent of men had experienced sexual abuse.10 In a related study of 215 respondents, 79 percent of females and 21 percent of males had experienced sexual abuse1 with penetration in 62 percent of cases. In an Australian study, Wilson and Brewer (1992) found that victimization rates for assault were 3 times higher than for the nondisabled population, sexual assault was 11 times higher, and robbery was 13 times higher.11 It is widely accepted that people with ID fail to report crimes committed against them for a variety of reasons ranging from lack of understanding and limited communication skills to feeling threatened by a perpetrator who is also a caregiver.12 Maltreatment of people with ID is a problem, and people with ID are at especially high risk of maltreatment. 1,13-15 The application's long-term objectives are to reduce the deleterious and traumatic impact of maltreatment on people with intellectual disabilities through increasing awareness and the ability of individuals with intellectual disabilities to take action in the face of potential maltreatment. The relevance to the mission of the Eunice Kennedy Schriver NICHD is that MRDD branch is interested in assistive technologies that improve an individual's mental health. The proposed study would enable rapid translation of basic behavioral research findings from the field of MRDD into means to improve the lives of individuals with ID, and to minimize the burden on society. This feasibility study will use a single-group pretest posttest design to study the feasibility of using a computer-assisted program to teach people with ID to differentiate between supportive relationships and those characterized by maltreatment. PUBLIC HEALTH RELEVANCE: The relevance of this study to the public health is the fact that violence and maltreatment has a negative effect on victims, often leading to psychological and emotional disruptions in functioning. People with intellectual disabilities are often victims of violence and maltreatment from an early age. In an effort to promote psychological and emotional health, people with intellectual disabilities will be self-empowered to recognize and respond to violence and maltreatment in the areas of sexual and psychological abuse or threats thereof. !

描述（由申请人提供）：根据全国犯罪受害调查（NCVS）的测量，2007年12岁及以上的残疾人经历了大约716，000起非致命暴力犯罪和230万起财产犯罪。强奸、性侵犯、抢劫、严重侵犯和简单侵犯被列为非致命暴力犯罪。财产犯罪包括入室盗窃、机动车盗窃和财产盗窃。NCVS报告的重要调查结果表明，有认知功能残疾的人比任何其他类型的残疾人遭受暴力侵害的风险更高，暴力犯罪率比没有残疾的人高1.5倍，强奸或性侵犯的发生率是没有残疾的人的两倍多。功能障碍，Sobsey（1994年）发现，有ID的人比没有残疾的人成为犯罪受害者的可能性高4到10倍。1在一系列涉及智力残疾（ID）的人的研究中，Sobsey和Doe发现，在166名受访者中，82%的女性和18%的男性经历过性虐待。10在一项针对215名受访者的相关研究中，79%的女性和21%的男性经历过性虐待1，其中62%的案例是插入。在澳大利亚的一项研究中，威尔逊和布鲁尔（1992年）发现，攻击的受害率比非残疾人口高3倍，性攻击高11倍，11人们普遍认为，有身份证的人不举报针对他们的犯罪行为是出于各种原因，从缺乏理解和有限的沟通技巧到感觉12虐待有身份证的人是一个问题，而有身份证的人遭受虐待的风险特别高。1，13 -15该应用程序的长期目标是通过提高智障人士的意识和能力，减少虐待对智障人士造成的有害和创伤性影响，使他们能够在面临潜在虐待时采取行动。与Eunice Kennedy Schriver NICHD的使命相关的是，MRDD分支对改善个人心理健康的辅助技术感兴趣。这项拟议的研究将使MRDD领域的基本行为研究成果能够迅速转化为改善ID患者生活的手段，并最大限度地减少社会负担。本可行性研究将采用单组前测后测设计，研究使用计算机辅助程序教ID的人区分支持关系和虐待的可行性。 公共卫生相关性：这项研究与公共卫生的相关性在于，暴力和虐待对受害者产生了负面影响，往往导致心理和情感功能的破坏。智力残疾者往往从小就成为暴力和虐待的受害者。为了促进心理和情感健康，智力残疾者将获得自我赋权，以认识和应对性虐待和心理虐待或威胁方面的暴力和虐待。!