Reducing Violence in the Lives of People with Intellectual Disabilities

描述（由申请人提供）：根据国家犯罪受害调查（NCVS）的测量，2007年，12岁及以上的残疾人经历了大约71.6万起非致命暴力犯罪和230万起财产犯罪。强奸、性侵犯、抢劫、严重攻击和简单攻击被归类为非致命暴力犯罪。财产犯罪包括入室盗窃、机动车盗窃和财产盗窃。NCVS报告的重要发现表明，患有认知功能障碍的人遭受暴力侵害的风险高于其他任何类型的残疾人，暴力犯罪率是正常人的1.5倍，强奸或性侵犯率是正常人的两倍多Sobsey（1994）在针对有认知功能障碍的个体的研究中发现，有ID的人成为犯罪受害者的可能性是没有残疾的人的4到10倍在一系列涉及智障人士（ID）的研究中，Sobsey和Doe发现，在166名受访者中，82%的女性和18%的男性经历过性虐待在一项对215名受访者进行的相关研究中，79%的女性和21%的男性经历过性虐待，其中62%的案例被性侵。在澳大利亚的一项研究中，Wilson和Brewer（1992）发现，攻击的受害率是非残疾人的3倍，性侵犯的受害率是非残疾人的11倍，抢劫的受害率是非残疾人的13倍人们普遍认为，有身份证的人不会报告针对他们的犯罪，原因有很多，从缺乏理解和有限的沟通技巧，到感到受到犯罪者（同时也是照顾者）的威胁对ID患者的虐待是一个问题，而ID患者遭受虐待的风险尤其高。1,13-15本应用程序的长期目标是通过提高智障人士面对潜在虐待的意识和采取行动的能力，减少虐待对智障人士造成的有害和创伤性影响。与Eunice Kennedy Schriver NICHD的使命相关的是，MRDD分支对改善个人心理健康的辅助技术感兴趣。这项研究将使MRDD领域的基本行为研究成果能够迅速转化为改善ID患者生活的手段，并将其对社会的负担降到最低。这项可行性研究将采用单组前测后测设计来研究使用计算机辅助程序教ID患者区分支持关系和以虐待为特征的关系的可行性。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): As measured by the National Crime Victimization Survey (NCVS), people with disabilities age 12 and older experienced approximately 716,000 nonfatal violent crimes and 2.3 million property crimes in 2007. Rape, sexual assault, robbery, aggravated assault and simple assault are classified as nonfatal violent crimes. Property crimes consist of household burglary, motor vehicle theft, and property theft. Significant findings from the NCVS report indicate that people with a cognitive functioning disability had a higher risk of violent victimization than persons with any other type of disability, that violent crime was 1.5 times higher than the rate for people without a disability, and the rate of rape or sexual assault was more than twice the rate for people without a disability.9 In studies specific to individuals with cognitive functioning disabilities, Sobsey (1994) found people with ID are 4 to 10 times more likely to be victims of crime than are people without disabilities.1 In a series of studies involving people with intellectual disabilities (ID), Sobsey and Doe found that of 166 respondents, 82 percent of women and 18 percent of men had experienced sexual abuse.10 In a related study of 215 respondents, 79 percent of females and 21 percent of males had experienced sexual abuse1 with penetration in 62 percent of cases. In an Australian study, Wilson and Brewer (1992) found that victimization rates for assault were 3 times higher than for the nondisabled population, sexual assault was 11 times higher, and robbery was 13 times higher.11 It is widely accepted that people with ID fail to report crimes committed against them for a variety of reasons ranging from lack of understanding and limited communication skills to feeling threatened by a perpetrator who is also a caregiver.12 Maltreatment of people with ID is a problem, and people with ID are at especially high risk of maltreatment. 1,13-15 The application's long-term objectives are to reduce the deleterious and traumatic impact of maltreatment on people with intellectual disabilities through increasing awareness and the ability of individuals with intellectual disabilities to take action in the face of potential maltreatment. The relevance to the mission of the Eunice Kennedy Schriver NICHD is that MRDD branch is interested in assistive technologies that improve an individual's mental health. The proposed study would enable rapid translation of basic behavioral research findings from the field of MRDD into means to improve the lives of individuals with ID, and to minimize the burden on society. This feasibility study will use a single-group pretest posttest design to study the feasibility of using a computer-assisted program to teach people with ID to differentiate between supportive relationships and those characterized by maltreatment. PUBLIC HEALTH RELEVANCE: The relevance of this study to the public health is the fact that violence and maltreatment has a negative effect on victims, often leading to psychological and emotional disruptions in functioning. People with intellectual disabilities are often victims of violence and maltreatment from an early age. In an effort to promote psychological and emotional health, people with intellectual disabilities will be self-empowered to recognize and respond to violence and maltreatment in the areas of sexual and psychological abuse or threats thereof. !