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Spatial and Temporal Scales of Motor Sequence Learning

运动序列学习的空间和时间尺度

基本信息

批准号：
8529621
负责人：
SCOTT Thomas GRAFTON
金额：
$ 108.92万
依托单位：
UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA SANTA BARBARA
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
财政年份：
2003
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
2003-06-15 至 2015-08-31
项目状态：
已结题

项目摘要

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): This proposal is a collaborative effort by a team of five motor systems groups at five institutions seeking to probe the mechanisms that underlie the brain's capacity for learning a new motor skill. The common thread for all groups is to focus on changes that occur within the primary motor cortex as a new skill is acquired. Changes in motor cortex will be characterized in relationship to critical input areas including premotor and parietal cortex and the role of subcortical circuits in learning will also be modeled. Both immediate and long-lasting changes of motor cortex representation will be investigated using a synthesis of molecular, cellular, systems and computational level of analysis. Project 1: Dr. Peter Strick (at the University of Pittsburgh) will combine flavoprotein optical imaging and single unit recording in monkey to characterize changes of activity in premotor and motor cortex as animals learn sequential behavior. Flavoprotein imaging allows for long-term cortical mapping over at least two years time, making it possible to look at dynamic alterations of cortical neuronal activity throughout the training period. Project 2: Dr. Scott Grafton (at University of California, Santa Barbara) will use functional MRI and transcranial magnetic stimulation in humans to study the neural substrates for off-line consolidation of three types of newly acquired motor skills: sequencing, visuomotor and dynamic adaptation. The tasks are similar to those in the other projects allowing for translation between monkey and human studies. Project 3: Dr. Emilio Bizzi (at MIT) will collaborate with experts in nanotechnology and conducting polymers at MIT to develop a new type of electrode based on fine wires of conducting polymers. With this he will perform chronic recordings of primary motor neurons in primates learning to move in novel dynamics. Project 4: Dr. James Houk (at Northwestern University) and Dr. Andrew Barto (at the University of Massachusetts at Amherst) will develop computational models of learning that are integral to the other projects of this PPG. These models will be used to explore critical behavioral and representational issues. Core A: Support for program administration and videoconferencing to achieve PPG integration. In addition, the core will support 3 satellite conferences on motor learning and mechanisms of cortical reorganization that are relevant for translational research. These interrelated projects, focusing on single anatomical substrate and common set of learning behaviors, should provide an integration of methodologies across multiple levels of analysis that are far beyond those achievable if each project were pursued separately. The collaborative effort can be expected to significantly advance our knowledge about mechanisms that support motor cortex plasticity.

描述（由申请人提供）：该提案是由五个机构的五个运动系统小组组成的团队共同努力的结果，旨在探索大脑学习新运动技能能力的机制。所有小组的共同点是关注在获得新技能时初级运动皮层内发生的变化。运动皮层的变化将被描述为与关键输入区域的关系，包括运动前区和顶叶皮层，以及皮层下回路在学习中的作用也将被建模。运动皮层表征的即时和长期变化将使用分子，细胞，系统和计算水平的分析合成进行研究。项目一：彼得·斯特里克博士（匹兹堡大学）将联合收割机结合黄素蛋白光学成像和猴子的单个单元记录，以表征动物学习顺序行为时运动前区和运动皮层的活动变化。Flavoprotein成像允许在至少两年的时间内进行长期的皮层映射，从而可以在整个训练期间观察皮层神经元活动的动态变化。项目二：Scott Grafton博士（来自加州大学圣巴巴拉分校）将使用人类功能性MRI和经颅磁刺激来研究离线巩固三种新获得的运动技能的神经基质：测序、视觉运动和动态适应。这些任务与其他项目中的任务相似，允许在猴子和人类研究之间进行翻译。项目三：Emilio Bizzi博士（麻省理工学院）将与麻省理工学院的纳米技术和导电聚合物专家合作，开发一种基于导电聚合物细线的新型电极。有了这个，他将在灵长类动物中进行初级运动神经元的慢性记录，学习以新的动力学移动。项目4：James Houk博士（西北大学）和Andrew Barto博士（马萨诸塞州大学阿默斯特分校）将开发学习的计算模型，这些模型是PPG其他项目的组成部分。这些模型将用于探索关键的行为和代表性问题。核心A：支持项目管理和视频会议，以实现PPG一体化。此外，核心将支持3个卫星会议的运动学习和皮层重组的机制，是相关的转化研究。这些相互关联的项目，专注于单一的解剖学基础和共同的学习行为，应该提供一个跨多个层次的分析，这是远远超出了如果每个项目单独进行可实现的方法的集成。这项合作努力有望大大推进我们对支持运动皮层可塑性机制的认识。