Longitudinal Studies of Autism Spectrum Disorders: 2 to 23

描述(申请人提供)：自闭症谱系障碍的纵向研究：2至23随着确诊为自闭症谱系障碍(ASD)的学龄前儿童的数量每年都在增加，患有自闭症谱系障碍的儿童进入青春期和成年期的数量也在增加。该项目的目的是确定青少年和成人结果的预测因素，这些因素包括适应技能、生活质量、积极情绪以及焦虑和抑郁症状。该项目的重点从主要关注负面结果，转向考虑个人和家庭的应对战略及其对福祉和独立的影响。在研究1中，从2岁到23岁的行为、认知、语言和社会发展的自然历史将在两个描述良好的来自北卡罗来纳州和芝加哥的儿童样本中进行考察，以寻找可能的自闭症儿童，以及一组非谱系发育迟缓对照。在213名原始儿童中，有187名目前仍在接受早期诊断研究，这项研究最初由国立卫生研究院和国立卫生研究院资助。这些儿童(即edX先证者)分别在2岁、3岁、5岁和9岁时被发现。他们的家人从11岁起就参加了电话采访，并填写了一整套问卷，重点关注适应技能、行为问题、青春期发育和青少年癫痫发作之间的关系。这一数据收集工作仍在进行中(年龄现在为16-20岁)。这项提议是让家庭每隔3年接受两次面对面评估，并在5年内每半年收集一次包裹。研究2将更具体地关注自闭症患者的精神共病和情绪障碍，以及应对资源、共病和生活质量之间的关系。由于共病情况只发生在ASD患者的子集中，因此将招募几个新的密歇根州儿童和青少年队列，这些儿童和青少年的当前诊断(CDX)年龄在9岁到23岁之间，以增加样本数量和力量。210名密歇根州儿童和青少年将在三年内被招募，三年后将重新评估约156名儿童和青少年。研究2将采用混合横截面纵向设计。分析将纳入edX研究的现有数据，以及从edX先驱和密歇根州CDX新员工那里新收集的数据。相关性：这些研究将提供有关自闭症发展轨迹的个体差异的重要信息，并使我们能够更充分地了解导致年轻人结局的积极和消极方面的因素。研究结果将为家庭、儿童、青少年和成人提供更有针对性的干预措施，以改善受自闭症影响的个人和家庭的独立性和生活质量。公共卫生相关性：自闭症谱系障碍的纵向研究：2-23本项目将研究患有自闭症谱系障碍(ASD)的青少年和年轻人的积极和消极结果的早期预测因素。由于被诊断为自闭症的儿童数量不断增加，需要进行更多的研究，以了解与青春期和青春期更好的结局相关的因素。该项目将提供有用的信息，以开发新的方法来改善自闭症患者及其家人的生活质量。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Longitudinal Studies of Autism Spectrum Disorder: 2 to 23 As the number of preschool children identified with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) increases each year, so too is the number of children with ASD moving into adolescence and adulthood. The aims of the project are to determine predictors of adolescent and adult outcome measured in terms of adaptive skills, quality of life, positive affect, and symptoms of anxiety and depression. The project represents a shift in emphasis from attention primarily on negative outcomes, to consideration of coping strategies for individuals and families and their impact on well-being and independence. In Study 1, the natural history of behavioral, cognitive, language, and social development from ages 2 to 23 will be examined in two well-described samples of children from North Carolina and Chicago referred for possible ASD, and a group of non-spectrum developmentally delayed controls. One hundred eighty seven out of 213 original children currently remain in the Early Diagnosis study initially funded by NIMH and NICHD. These children (i.e., the EDX probands) were seen at ages 2, 3, 5 and 9. Their families have been participating in phone interviews and completing packets of questionnaires since the children were 11 years old with a focus on relationships among adaptive skills, behavior problems, pubertal development, and adolescent onset of seizures. This data collection is still ongoing (ages are now 16-20). The proposal is for families to receive two face-to-face assessments 3 years apart and semi-annual packets collected over 5 years. Study 2 will focus more specifically on psychiatric comorbidity and mood disorders in ASD, as well as the relationship between coping resources, comorbidity and quality of life. Because comorbid conditions only occur in a subset of individuals with ASD, several new cohorts of Michigan children and adolescents with a current diagnosis (CDX) between the ages of 9 and 23 will be recruited to increase sample size and power. Two hundred and ten Michigan children and adolescents will be recruited over three years and approximately 156 reassessed 3 years later. Study 2 will employ a mixed cross-sectional longitudinal design. Analyses will incorporate existing data from the EDX study, as well as newly collected data from the EDX probands and new CDX Michigan recruits. Relevance: These studies will provide important information about individual differences in developmental trajectories in ASD and allow us to more fully understand the factors that contribute to positive and negative aspects of outcome in young adults. Findings will lead to better targeted interventions for families, children, adolescents, and adults to improve independence and quality of life for individuals and families affected by ASD. PUBLIC HEALTH RELEVANCE: Longitudinal Studies of Autism Spectrum Disorder: 2 to 23 This project will examine early predictors of positive and negative outcomes in adolescents and young adults with autism spectrum disorders (ASD). Because of the rising number of children diagnosed with ASD, more research is needed to understand the factors that are related to better outcomes in adolescence and young adulthood. This project will provide information that will be useful in developing new ways to improve quality of life for individuals with ASD and their families.