Longitudinal Studies of Autism Spectrum Disorders: 2 to 23

描述（由申请人提供）：自闭症谱系障碍的纵向研究：2至23随着被确定患有自闭症谱系障碍（ASD）的学龄前儿童的数量每年都在增加，ASD儿童进入青春期和成年期的数量也在增加。该项目的目的是确定预测青少年和成人的结果衡量的适应技能，生活质量，积极的影响，焦虑和抑郁的症状。该项目的重点已从主要关注负面结果转向考虑个人和家庭的应对战略及其对福祉和独立的影响。在研究1中，将在来自北卡罗来纳州和芝加哥的两个描述良好的儿童样本中检查2至23岁的行为，认知，语言和社会发展的自然史，这些儿童被称为可能的ASD，以及一组非谱系发育迟缓的对照。在213名最初的儿童中，有187名目前仍在进行最初由NIMH和NICHD资助的早期诊断研究。这些孩子（即，EDX先证者）在2岁、3岁、5岁和9岁时观察。他们的家人从孩子11岁起就开始参与电话采访并完成问卷调查，重点关注适应技能、行为问题、青春期发育和青少年癫痫发作之间的关系。这项数据收集工作仍在进行中（目前年龄为16-20岁）。该提案是让家庭接受两次面对面的评估，间隔3年，并在5年内收集半年一次的数据包。研究2将更具体地关注ASD中的精神共病和心境障碍，以及应对资源、共病和生活质量之间的关系。由于合并症仅发生在ASD患者的一个子集中，因此将招募几个新的密歇根州儿童和青少年队列，这些儿童和青少年的当前诊断（CDX）年龄在9岁至23岁之间，以增加样本量和功效。210名密歇根州儿童和青少年将在三年内招募，大约156人将在三年后重新评估。研究2将采用混合横截面纵向设计。分析将纳入EDX研究的现有数据，以及从EDX先证者和新的CDX密歇根州新兵新收集的数据。相关性：这些研究将提供有关ASD发展轨迹个体差异的重要信息，并使我们能够更充分地了解有助于年轻人积极和消极方面结果的因素。研究结果将为家庭，儿童，青少年和成人提供更好的针对性干预措施，以提高受ASD影响的个人和家庭的独立性和生活质量。公共卫生相关性：自闭症谱系障碍的纵向研究：2至23本项目将研究自闭症谱系障碍（ASD）青少年和年轻人的积极和消极结果的早期预测因素。由于越来越多的儿童被诊断患有ASD，需要更多的研究来了解与青少年和年轻人更好的结果相关的因素。该项目将提供有用的信息，以开发新的方法来改善ASD患者及其家庭的生活质量。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Longitudinal Studies of Autism Spectrum Disorder: 2 to 23 As the number of preschool children identified with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) increases each year, so too is the number of children with ASD moving into adolescence and adulthood. The aims of the project are to determine predictors of adolescent and adult outcome measured in terms of adaptive skills, quality of life, positive affect, and symptoms of anxiety and depression. The project represents a shift in emphasis from attention primarily on negative outcomes, to consideration of coping strategies for individuals and families and their impact on well-being and independence. In Study 1, the natural history of behavioral, cognitive, language, and social development from ages 2 to 23 will be examined in two well-described samples of children from North Carolina and Chicago referred for possible ASD, and a group of non-spectrum developmentally delayed controls. One hundred eighty seven out of 213 original children currently remain in the Early Diagnosis study initially funded by NIMH and NICHD. These children (i.e., the EDX probands) were seen at ages 2, 3, 5 and 9. Their families have been participating in phone interviews and completing packets of questionnaires since the children were 11 years old with a focus on relationships among adaptive skills, behavior problems, pubertal development, and adolescent onset of seizures. This data collection is still ongoing (ages are now 16-20). The proposal is for families to receive two face-to-face assessments 3 years apart and semi-annual packets collected over 5 years. Study 2 will focus more specifically on psychiatric comorbidity and mood disorders in ASD, as well as the relationship between coping resources, comorbidity and quality of life. Because comorbid conditions only occur in a subset of individuals with ASD, several new cohorts of Michigan children and adolescents with a current diagnosis (CDX) between the ages of 9 and 23 will be recruited to increase sample size and power. Two hundred and ten Michigan children and adolescents will be recruited over three years and approximately 156 reassessed 3 years later. Study 2 will employ a mixed cross-sectional longitudinal design. Analyses will incorporate existing data from the EDX study, as well as newly collected data from the EDX probands and new CDX Michigan recruits. Relevance: These studies will provide important information about individual differences in developmental trajectories in ASD and allow us to more fully understand the factors that contribute to positive and negative aspects of outcome in young adults. Findings will lead to better targeted interventions for families, children, adolescents, and adults to improve independence and quality of life for individuals and families affected by ASD. PUBLIC HEALTH RELEVANCE: Longitudinal Studies of Autism Spectrum Disorder: 2 to 23 This project will examine early predictors of positive and negative outcomes in adolescents and young adults with autism spectrum disorders (ASD). Because of the rising number of children diagnosed with ASD, more research is needed to understand the factors that are related to better outcomes in adolescence and young adulthood. This project will provide information that will be useful in developing new ways to improve quality of life for individuals with ASD and their families.