PATHOGENESIS OF NATURAL SIV AND STLV INFECTIONS IN HUMANS

人类自然 SIV 和 STLV 感染的发病机制

• 批准号: 8173043
• 负责人: Preston A Marx
• 金额: $ 6.18万
• 依托单位: TULANE UNIVERSITY OF LOUISIANA
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2010
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2010-05-01 至 2011-04-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8173043
• 关键词: Acute; Address; Antibodies; Biological Assay; Blood; Blood Transfusion; Blood specimen; Cameroon; Caring; Child; Chronic; Clinical; Computer Retrieval of Information on Scientific Projects Database; Country; Epidemic; Epidemiology; Exposure to; Funding; Goals; Grant; HIV; HIV-1; HIV-2; Head; Household; Human; Infection; Injection of therapeutic agent; Institution; Laboratories; Meat; Medical History; Monkeys; Mothers; Natural History; Operative Surgical Procedures; Outcome; Pan Genus; Pathogenesis; Pathogenicity; Persons; Population; Preparation; Procedures; Recording of previous events; Research; Research Personnel; Resources; Risk; Risk Factors; Ritual compulsion; SIV; Sampling; Screening procedure; Simian Retroviruses; Source; Specimen; Staging; Testing; Toothbrushing; United States National Institutes of Health; Virus; Virus Diseases; Vision; Work; base; follow-up; genome sequencing; pet animal; toothbrush; transmission process

This subproject is one of many research subprojects utilizing the resources provided by a Center grant funded by NIH/NCRR. The subproject and investigator (PI) may have received primary funding from another NIH source, and thus could be represented in other CRISP entries. The institution listed is for the Center, which is not necessarily the institution for the investigator. The overall objective of the project is to assess the risk of emergence of new HIV groups from simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) - infected persons in Cameroon. It is well established that HIV-1 emerged through cross-species transmission of SIV in chimpanzees (cpz) to humans who were exposed through hunting, preparation of bush meat or household pets. Our hypothesis is that SIVcpz human infections have a low intrinsic pathogenicity after direct cross-species transmission from the natural chimpanzee hosts to humans. These primary SIV infections do not spread from person to person at a level sufficient to sustain the emergence of new epidemic groups, comparable to HIV-1 groups M, O or HIV-2 groups A and B. The hypothesis predicts that SIVcpz will replicate to significant levels during acute human infections but will be controled in the chronic stage. The project head in Cameroon will coordinate and oversee a team for screening the general human population in Southwest anglophone Cameroon for SIV infections. Blood will be collected and used for antibody assays to detect SIVcpz and other strains of SIV. We will also employ PCR-based testing and genome sequencing to identify particular strains of SIV. Some testing will be done on sight, but the majority of laboratory work will be done on specimens sent to the USA. After identifying persons with SIV infections, we will characterize the epidemiology and natural history of SIV infections in humans in Cameroon. Contacts will be tested to determine if these simian retroviruses are capable of transmissible between humans. The outcome of these infections in humans will be also clinically addressed. SIV antibody positive persons will have repeated clinical follow-ups. Thus far, SIV-like infections in humans are believed to be transient infections, but this has not been extensively studied and is the goal of this project. To accomplish our aims, the team in Cameroon will collect basic epidemiological information about the entire population sample and a brief history of their past exposure to SIV  e.g. hunting and butchering monkeys and contact with household pets. The goal is to collect approximately 16,000 blood samples over 4 years, of which we anticipate detecting approximately 40 SIV infected humans. For this group of 40, we will follow up with a detailed assessment of potential risk factors for transmission of their SIV infections to other humans  including household exposure (e.g. sharing utensils, shaving gear, toothbrushes), sexual contacts, mother-to-child, ritual cutting/scarification, and histories of medical care  especially invasive procedures associated with transmission of blood borne viruses  e.g. injections, surgery, and blood transfusions. This project was funded in September 2009. Searches are in progress for an in-country project head.

这个子项目是许多研究子项目中利用 资源由NIH/NCRR资助的中心拨款提供。子项目和 调查员(PI)可能从NIH的另一个来源获得了主要资金， 并因此可以在其他清晰的条目中表示。列出的机构是 该中心不一定是调查人员的机构。 该项目的总体目标是评估喀麦隆境内猴免疫缺陷病毒(SIV)感染者出现新的艾滋病毒群体的风险。众所周知，HIV-1是通过在黑猩猩(CPZ)中跨物种传播SIV而出现的，这些人通过狩猎、准备丛林肉或家养宠物接触到艾滋病毒。 我们的假设是，SIVcpz人类感染从自然黑猩猩宿主直接跨物种传播到人类后，内在致病性较低。这些主要的SIV感染在人与人之间传播的程度不足以维持新的流行群体的出现，可与艾滋病毒-1 M、O组或艾滋病毒-2 A和B组相媲美。 该假说预测，在急性人类感染期间，SIVcpz将复制到显着水平，但在慢性阶段将受到控制。喀麦隆的项目负责人将协调和监督一个小组，对喀麦隆西南部以英语为母语的普通人口进行SIV感染筛查。将采集血液进行抗体检测，以检测SIVcpz和其他SIV毒株。我们还将使用基于聚合酶链式反应的测试和基因组测序来识别特定的SIV菌株。一些检测将在现场进行，但大部分实验室工作将在被送往美国的标本上完成。 在确定SIV感染者之后，我们将描述喀麦隆人类感染SIV的流行病学和自然病史。将对接触者进行测试，以确定这些猿类逆转录病毒是否能够在人与人之间传播。这些感染对人类的后果也将在临床上得到解决。SIV抗体阳性者将进行反复的临床随访。到目前为止，人类中的SIV样感染被认为是短暂的感染，但这还没有得到广泛的研究，这也是本项目的目标。 为了实现我们的目标，喀麦隆的团队将收集关于整个人口样本的基本流行病学信息，以及他们过去接触SIV的简要历史，例如狩猎和屠宰猴子以及与家养宠物的接触。我们的目标是在4年内收集大约16,000份血液样本，其中我们预计将检测到大约40名SIV感染者。对于这40人，我们将对他们感染SIV病毒传播给其他人的潜在风险因素进行详细评估，包括家庭接触(例如共用餐具、剃须用具、牙刷)、性接触、母婴接触、仪式切割/划痕以及医疗历史，特别是与血液传播病毒传播相关的侵入性程序，如注射、手术和输血。 该项目于2009年9月获得资助。目前正在寻找一名国内项目负责人。