COMPARATIVE NEUROPSYCHOLOGY OF EPISODIC MEMORY IN PRIMATES: HIPPOCAMPAL FUNCTION

灵长类动物情景记忆的比较神经心理学：海马功能

• 批准号: 8357471
• 负责人: ROBERT L. HAMPTON
• 金额: $ 3.71万
• 依托单位: EMORY UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2011
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2011-08-01 至 2012-04-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8357471
• 关键词: Amnesia; Animals; Biological Factors; Cognitive; Computers; Destinations; Development; Episodic memory; Evolution; Funding; Grant; Hippocampus (Brain); Human; Image; Lead; Macaca mulatta; Memory; Mind; Monkeys; National Center for Research Resources; Neuropsychology; Primates; Principal Investigator; Research; Research Infrastructure; Resources; Shapes; Source; Stimulus; Techniques; Testing; United States National Institutes of Health; Work; comparative; cost; experience; normal aging; novel; touchscreen

This subproject is one of many research subprojects utilizing the resources provided by a Center grant funded by NIH/NCRR. Primary support for the subproject and the subproject's principal investigator may have been provided by other sources, including other NIH sources. The Total Cost listed for the subproject likely represents the estimated amount of Center infrastructure utilized by the subproject, not direct funding provided by the NCRR grant to the subproject or subproject staff. "Recall" is when you "bring to mind" things that are not currently present, such as when you remember all the turns you must take to get to your destination before setting out. By contrast "recognition" is when you can tell that something you currently experience is familiar, such as a given intersection where you must turn right, and is comparatively easier than recall. Many tests for nonhuman animals show that they recognize something seen before as familiar, but no previous work has shown that monkeys or other animals share the ability to recall with humans. We have discovered that rhesus monkeys remember simple shapes and reproduce them later on a touchscreen computer, an ability that may show that they can "bring to mind" images that are physically absent. The development of this new technique for studying memory in monkeys will lead to more accurate characterization our cognitive evolution. We have also documented factors that regulate memory for lists of stimuli. We have developed new techniques for interfering with memory in monkeys that show that familiar, repeated items are actively maintained in memory, while novel items are remembered well, but not using active memory. We have established a new paradigm for studying order memory in monkeys and shown that monkeys discriminate which image was viewed first. Accuracy is a function of temporal distance and recency. These studies of memory in monkeys help us understand what biological factors are responsible for the erosion of recall abilities in human amnesia and normal aging.

这个子项目是许多利用资源的研究子项目之一 由NIH/NCRR资助的中心拨款提供。子项目的主要支持 而子项目的主要调查员可能是由其他来源提供的， 包括其它NIH来源。 列出的子项目总成本可能 代表子项目使用的中心基础设施的估计数量， 而不是由NCRR赠款提供给子项目或子项目工作人员的直接资金。 “回忆”是指你“想起”了目前不存在的事情，比如你记住了出发前到达目的地必须经过的所有转弯。相比之下，“识别”是指你能分辨出你当前经历的事情是熟悉的，比如一个你必须右转的十字路口，而且比回忆起来相对容易。许多针对非人类动物的实验表明，它们能够识别出以前见过的熟悉事物，但此前没有研究表明猴子或其他动物具有与人类相同的回忆能力。 我们发现恒河猴会记住简单的形状，然后在触摸屏电脑上重现它们，这种能力可能表明它们可以“让人想起”物理上不存在的图像。这种研究猴子记忆的新技术的发展将导致更准确地描述我们的认知进化。我们还记录了调节刺激列表记忆的因素。我们已经开发出了干扰猴子记忆的新技术，这些技术表明熟悉的重复项目会积极地保留在记忆中，而新的项目会记住得很好，但不是使用主动记忆。我们已经建立了一个新的范式来研究猴子的顺序记忆，并表明猴子区分哪一个图像是第一次看到的。准确性是时间距离和新近度的函数。这些对猴子记忆的研究有助于我们理解，在人类健忘症和正常衰老中，是什么生物因素导致了记忆能力的衰退。