COMPARATIVE NEUROPSYCHOLOGY OF EPISODIC MEMORY IN PRIMATES

灵长类动物情景记忆的比较神经心理学

• 批准号: 7958252
• 负责人: ROBERT L. HAMPTON
• 金额: $ 5.48万
• 依托单位: EMORY UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2009
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2009-05-01 至 2010-04-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/7958252
• 关键词: Amnesia; Animals; Biological Factors; Brain Part; Canis familiaris; Cognitive; Computer Retrieval of Information on Scientific Projects Database; Computers; Destinations; Development; Episodic memory; Evolution; Felis catus; Funding; Grant; Home environment; Human; Image; Institution; Lead; Learning; Macaca mulatta; Memory; Mind; Monkeys; Neuropsychology; Primates; Reporting; Research; Research Personnel; Resources; Retrieval Recall; Shapes; Source; Techniques; Testing; Uncertainty; United States National Institutes of Health; comparative; experience; memory retrieval; normal aging; skills; touchscreen

This subproject is one of many research subprojects utilizing the resources provided by a Center grant funded by NIH/NCRR. The subproject and investigator (PI) may have received primary funding from another NIH source, and thus could be represented in other CRISP entries. The institution listed is for the Center, which is not necessarily the institution for the investigator. This study captures the distinction between two modes of memory retrieval. "Recall" is when you "bring to mind" things that are not currently present, such as when you remember all the turns you must take to get to your destination before setting out. By contrast "recognition" is when you can tell that something you currently experience is familiar, such as a given intersection where you must turn right, and is comparatively easier than recall. Many tests for nonhuman animals show that they can recognize something seen before as familiar, just as your dog or cat recognizes you when you come home. There is no doubt that animals have memory. But humans have different types of memory that depend on different parts of the brain, and we do not yet know whether monkeys or other animals share most of these different types of memory. Because nonhuman animals cannot speak it has been difficult to determine whether they can, like humans, recall something when it is no longer present. During the reporting period, we learned that rhesus monkeys can remember simple shapes and reproduce them later on a touch screen computer, an ability that may show that they can "bring to mind" images that are physically absent, a powerful skill in humans. The development of this new technique for studying memory in monkeys will lead to more accurate characterization our cognitive evolution over the 30 million years that separate humans from our shared ancestor with rhesus monkeys. Studies of memory in monkeys will also help us understand what biological factors are responsible for the erosion of recall abilities that occurs in human amnesia and normal aging.

该副本是利用众多研究子项目之一 由NIH/NCRR资助的中心赠款提供的资源。子弹和 调查员（PI）可能已经从其他NIH来源获得了主要资金， 因此可以在其他清晰的条目中代表。列出的机构是 对于中心，这不一定是调查员的机构。 这项研究捕获了两种记忆检索模式之间的区别。 “回忆”是当您“想到”当前不存在的事物时，例如，当您记住所有的转弯时，您必须在出发之前到达目的地。相比之下，“识别”是当您可以说出您当前经历的东西是熟悉的，例如，必须向右转的给定交叉点，并且比回忆更容易。 许多对非人类动物的测试表明，他们可以识别出以前看到的东西，就像您回家时狗或猫认识您一样。毫无疑问，动物有记忆。但是人类具有不同类型的记忆，这些记忆取决于大脑的不同部分，我们尚不知道猴子或其他动物是否共享这些不同类型的记忆。由于非人类动物无法说话，很难确定它们是否像人类一样，在不再存在时会回忆起东西。 在报告期间，我们了解到恒河猴可以记住简单的形状并在触摸屏计算机上重现它们，这种功能可能表明他们可以“想到”身体上缺乏的图像，这是人类的强大技能。这项研究猴子记忆的新技术的发展将导致更准确的表征我们在3000万年内的认知演变，使人类与我们与恒河猴共同的祖先分开。对猴子记忆的研究还将帮助我们了解哪些生物因素是导致人类失忆和正常衰老的召回能力侵蚀的原因。