Glial remodeling in Drosophila: proliferation, membrane outgrowth and nerve enshe

果蝇的胶质重塑：增殖、膜生长和神经鞘

• 批准号: 8264257
• 负责人: JOYCE J FERNANDES
• 金额: $ 35.5万
• 依托单位: MIAMI UNIVERSITY OXFORD
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2012
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2012-04-01 至 2017-03-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8264257
• 关键词: Abdomen; Adult; Affect; Award; Behavior; Biological Metamorphosis; Biological Models; Blood - brain barrier anatomy; Brain; Cell Death; Cells; Data; Development; Drosophila genus; Drosophila melanogaster; Embryo; Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor; Extracellular Matrix; Funding; Genes; Genetic Models; Glioma; Human; Imagery; Individual; Injury; Larva; Length; Maintenance; Membrane; Monitor; Morphogenesis; Motor; Motor Pathways; Muscle; Nerve; Nervous System Physiology; Nervous system structure; Neuroglia; Neurons; Nuclear; Peripheral; Peripheral Nerves; Phase; Prevalence; Process; Pupa; Reporter; Role; Staging; Structure; Testing; Time; Work; cell type; critical period; information processing; interest; light microscopy; nerve supply; nervous system development; relating to nervous system

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Glia are the most abundant cells of the human nervous system, and make up about 90% of the human brain. The role of glia in support and maintenance functions in the mature nervous system is well established. More recently, new roles for glia have emerged that are central to development of the nervous system, that has a bearing on brain function and information processing. We study glia which ensheath peripheral nerves in the fruit-fly. They are generated in the embryo and undergo bouts of proliferation in the larva and later in the pupa when the adult nervous system is being re-organized. Each nerve in the Drosophila embryo is ensheathed by 3 glial layers- an innermost wrapping glial layer, the sub-perineurial layer, the perineurial layer and an extracellular matrix layer called the neural lamella. As the larva grows in size, the nerves become longer. Maintenance of nerve ensheathment occurs by proliferation of the most external layer, while the inner 2 layers increase their extensions. Studies in this proposal focus on the pupal phase when the nervous system undergoes a drastic re-organization to accommodate a new body form and behaviors. One aspect of this re-organization is the fusion of 5 pairs of posterior abdominal nerves to form a terminal nerve trunk (TNT). Our studies are aimed at understanding remodeling of (embryonically derived) peripheral glia in the context of TNT formation. We will examine how 3 distinct glial cell-types with unique functions increase in number and restructure to allow nerve fusion while keeping the blood-brain barrier intact. Individual glial layers will also be manipulatd to uncover their contribution to nerve re- organization, which results in the adult-specific patter. We hope to uncover similarities/differences between the embryonic, larval and pupal stages in regard to glial morphogenesis as it relates to nervous system structure and function. Our studies will contribute to a better understanding of human conditions such as gliomas. PUBLIC HEALTH RELEVANCE: Glial cells are the most common cell-type in the nervous system and are essential to the structure and functioning of the nervous system. We study glia which ensheath peripheral nerves in the fruit-fly. They are generated in the embryo and undergo bouts of proliferation in the larva and later in the pupa when the adult nervous system is being re- organized. Our studies will examine how 3 distinct glial cell-types with unique functions increase in number and begin the process of enstheathing the segmental nerves. We hope to uncover similarities/differences between the embryonic, larval and pupal stages in regard to glial morphogenesis as it relates to nervous system and structure. Our studies will contribute to a better understanding of human conditions such as gliomas.

描述（由申请人提供）：神经胶质是人类神经系统中最丰富的细胞，约占人脑的90％。神经胶质在成熟神经系统中的支持和维持功能中的作用已得到很好的确定。最近，出现了新的神经胶质作用，这对于神经系统的发展至关重要，这与大脑功能和信息处理有关。我们研究神经胶质，这些神经胶质在果蝇中的周围神经。它们是在胚胎中产生的，并在幼虫中发生增殖，后来在成年神经系统重新组织时在pupa中产生。果蝇胚胎中的每个神经都由3个神经胶质层（最内向的神经胶质层，骨膜下层，会周期层和称为神经薄片的细胞外基质层）围绕。随着幼虫大小的增长，神经变得更长。通过最外层的扩散，可以维持神经宿内，而内部2层则增加了其延伸。当神经系统经历急剧的重组以适应新的身体形式和行为时，该提案中的研究集中在pupal阶段。这种重组的一个方面是融合5对后腹神经，形成末端神经躯干（TNT）。我们的研究旨在理解在TNT形成的背景下（胚胎衍生的）外周神经胶质的重塑。我们将研究具有独特功能的3种不同的神经胶质细胞类型的数量和重组增加，以使神经融合，同时保持血脑屏障完整。单个神经胶质层也将被捕捉，以发现它们对神经组织的贡献，从而导致成人特定的模式。我们希望在神经胶质形态发生方面发现胚胎，幼虫和p阶段之间的相似性/差异，因为它与神经系统的结构和功能有关。我们的研究将有助于更好地了解人类状况，例如神经胶质瘤。 公共卫生相关性：神经胶质细胞是神经系统中最常见的细胞类型，对于神经系统的结构和功能至关重要。我们研究神经胶质，这些神经胶质在果蝇中的周围神经。它们是在胚胎中产生的，并在幼虫中发生增殖，后来在成年神经系统进行后来进行。我们的研究将研究具有独特功能的3种不同的神经胶质细胞类型的数量增加，并开始接触节段神经的过程。我们希望发现与神经形态发生有关的胚胎，幼虫和p阶段之间的相似性/差异，因为它与神经系统和结构有关。我们的研究将有助于更好地了解人类状况，例如神经胶质瘤。

项目成果

dHb9 expressing larval motor neurons persist through metamorphosis to innervate adult-specific muscle targets and function in Drosophila eclosion.

• DOI: 10.1002/dneu.22400
• 发表时间: 2016-12
• 期刊: DEVELOPMENTAL NEUROBIOLOGY
• 影响因子: 3
• 作者: Banerjee, Soumya;Toral, Marcus;Siefert, Matthew;Conway, David;Dorr, Meredith;Fernandes, Joyce
• 通讯作者: Fernandes, Joyce