Behavioral an(j Neural Markers of Attentional Control: Antecedents for AD

越来越多的证据表明注意力控制系统的崩溃和随之而来的增加 反应时(RT)的变异性可能反映了阿尔茨海默病(AD)的前驱阶段。近期 证据表明，给注意力系统带来高负荷的任务在(A)中特别有用。 作为行为标记物区分健康老龄化和早期DAT，(B)预测后期 一组健康的中年人/老年人的转换，以及(C)显示与其他人的重新关系 健康对照个体的生物标志物。拟议的研究将继续纵向跟踪 成年儿童样本，他们有患上症状性AD的良好特征的风险，以解决 以下问题：首先，我们将研究一组认知任务，目标是注意选择、执行 控制和注意控制对记忆表现的贡献，并将这些测量与 积累来自其他项目和岩心的生物标志物(例如，PIB、CSF措施、AP0E4状态、 结构和静息状态的fMRI测量)。第二，我们将探索RT的微妙特征 利用前高斯分析和扩散模型检验分布性能的程度 哪些不同的参数是AD发生风险的有用的前驱标志物。第三，我们将同时使用 持续注意反应任务(SART)和一个简单的重复手指敲击任务作为行为 在任务脱离时对不相关的想法(即走神)的瞬间反应的标记。 第四，我们将在Stroop和Ending中测量与任务相关的神经反应(通过fMRI) 随后的记忆范式，以确定注意和/或默认模式神经网络是否开始 在认知表现受到干扰之前就会受到影响，并将这些结果与生物标记物联系起来 在其他项目中发展，特别是项目4中的静息状态fcMRI研究。第五，我们将 考察人格特征与注意控制机制的关系程度， 并调节大脑行为的重新关联。这些目标、项目和核心在 成人儿童研究队列的封闭性纵向研究提供了一个独特的发展机会 了解与阿尔茨海默病相关的最早生物行为变化的多面性。

There is accumulating evidence of a breakdown in attentional control systems and consequent increases in reaction time (RT) variability that may reflect a prodromal stage of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Recent evidence indicates that tasks which place a high load on attentional systems are particularly useful in (a) serving as a behavioral marker in discriminafing healthy aging from early stage DAT, (b) predicfing later conversion in a group of healthy middle-aged/older adults, and (c) showing relafionships with other biomarkers in healthy control individuals. The proposed research will continue to longitudinally follow the adult child sample, who have well-characterized risk for developing symptomatic AD, to address the following issues: First, we will examine a set of cognitive tasks that target attentional selection, executive control, and attentional control contributions to memory performance and relate these measures to the accumulafing biomarkers from the other projects and cores (e.g., PIB, CSF measures, AP0E4 status, structural and resting state fMRI measures). Second, we will explore subtle characteristics of RT distribufional performance utilizing ex-Gaussian analyses and the diffusion model to examine the extent to which distinct parameters are useful prodromal markers for risk for developing AD. Third, we will use both a Sustained Attention to Respond task (SART) and a simple repetitive finger tapping task as behavioral markers for momentary fiuctuafions in task disengagement to irrelevant thoughts (i.e., mind wandering). Fourth, we will measure the task related neural response (via fMRI) in both a Stroop and Encoding Subsequent Memory paradigm to determine if attentional and/or default mode neural networks begin to be compromised before there is disruption in cognitive performance and relate these results to the biomarkers developing in the other projects, especially the resting state fcMRI studies in Project 4. Fifth, we will examine the extent to which personality characterisfics are related to the attenfional control mechanisms, and modulate the brain-behavior relafionships. The convergence across these aims, projects, and cores in the confinuing longitudinal study of the Adult Children Study cohort affords a unique opportunity to develop an understanding of the multi-faceted nature of the earliest bio-behavioral changes associated with AD.