Causal dynamics in neural networks underlying top-down modulation

自上而下调制背后的神经网络因果动力学

基本信息

批准号：
8440009
负责人：
ADAM H GAZZALEY
金额：
$ 39.13万
依托单位：
UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN FRANCISCO
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
财政年份：
2012
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
2012-09-03 至 2016-06-30
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8440009
关键词：
Address Adult Affect Age Aging Area Attention Basic Science Biological Neural Networks Brain Brain Injuries Brain region Chronic Clinical Cognitive Data Data Analyses Development Electroencephalography Experimental Designs Foundations Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging Functional disorder Goals High Prevalence Impaired cognition Knowledge Maintenance Measures Mediating Memory Mental disorders Mind Nature Neurodegenerative Disorders Neurophysiology - biologic function Neurosciences Participant Performance Population Prefrontal Cortex Process Property Public Health Quality of life Recovery Recruitment Activity Rehabilitation therapy Research Research Project Grants Resolution Role Series Short-Term Memory Signal Transduction Staging Stimulus Techniques Therapeutic Intervention Time Transcranial magnetic stimulation Translating Work base cognitive change cognitive neuroscience design distraction expectation improved information processing innovation memory encoding memory process nervous system disorder neuroimaging neuromechanism normal aging novel strategies programs rehabilitation strategy relating to nervous system repaired research study selective attention sensory cortex visual imagery young adult

项目摘要

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Attentional (or top-down) control enables us to focus on task goals and block out interference. Failing to properly engage these top-down mechanisms results in decreased memory performance by overloading our limited memory capacity with irrelevant information. While deficient attentional control periodically occurs in al healthy adults (e.g., distraction, mind wandering), it becomes more prevalent with age and is a prominent factor in those with psychiatric disorders, neurodegenerative disease, and brain injury. Unfortunately, it is unclear exactly how top-down control is implemented in the brain, thereby limiting therapeutic interventions. Remarkably, the brain is naturally resilient to neural decline by recruiting additional neural regions and rewiring neural networks to retain performance abilities. However, little is known about these reorganizational properties and the brain's potential to retain top-down control signals in the presence of dysfunction. The basic science goals of the proposed research project are to characterize where and when top-down signals are communicated and how they pertain to attention and memory processes. From a translational perspective, parallel goals are to assess the potential for neural compensatory mechanisms to retain performance abilities following the perturbation of brain function. To accomplish these goals, young adults will participate in two- session experiments that engage attention and memory processes. The first session will implement functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to identify putative top-down control regions within the neural networks involved in the task. The second session will utilize transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) to perturb neural function within the top-down control regions that were identified from the first session. Following TMS, neural data will be acquired via fMRI or electroencephalography (EEG) while participants are engaged in the same task as the first session. Temporal and spatial measures of cortical function, with an emphasis on network connectivity, will be evaluated. Comparisons between TMS, sham TMS, and TMS to areas not involved in the task will elucidate the role of these control regions from a causal perspective, help characterize the potential for neural reorganization, and offer a basis to understand the mechanistic relationship between attention and memory. In addition to advancing the limited work in this important area, we anticipate that this unique "perturb and record" methodological approach and experimental design will have a major impact on the field. This knowledge will be used to guide the targeted development of rehabilitation programs directed at the broad range of cognitive abilities and clinical populations that are susceptible to decline in attention and memory function. PUBLIC HEALTH RELEVANCE: Attention and memory processes are affected by many psychiatric and neurologic disorders. With the aging of the population, this is a growing public health issue. Given the high prevalence of co-morbid deficits in attention and memory, cognitive changes in these conditions may share a common basis. The goal of this project is to understand the neural mechanisms that govern the interaction between attention and memory and characterize the effects of dysfunction in the neural networks subserving these processes. This knowledge will be used to design more effective therapeutic interventions to improve the quality of life for those afflicted with cognitive impairment from neurological and psychiatric disease.

描述（由申请人提供）：注意力（或自上而下）控制使我们能够专注于任务目标并阻止干扰。无法正确接触这些自上而下的机制，从而通过使我们有限的内存能力与无关的信息过载来减少记忆力。虽然健康的成年人（例如，分心，思维徘徊）周期性地进行了不足的注意力控制，但随着年龄的增长，它变得更加普遍，并且是患有精神疾病，神经退行性疾病和脑损伤患者的重要因素。不幸的是，目前尚不清楚如何在大脑中实现自上而下的控制，从而限制了治疗干预措施。值得注意的是，大脑通过招募其他神经区域并重新启动神经网络以保持性能能力，从而自然可以抵御神经下降。但是，对于这些重组特性以及在功能障碍存在下保留自上而下的控制信号的潜力知之甚少。拟议的研究项目的基本科学目标是表征自上而下的信号以及它们与注意力和记忆过程的关系。从转化的角度来看，平行目标是评估神经补偿机制在脑功能扰动后保持性能能力的潜力。为了实现这些目标，年轻人将参加两次会议实验，以吸引注意力和记忆过程。第一个会话将实施功能磁共振成像（fMRI），以确定任务中涉及的神经网络中的推定自上而下的控制区域。第二次会议将利用经颅磁刺激（TMS）来在第一届会议中鉴定出的自上而下的控制区域内扰动神经功能。遵循TMS，将通过fMRI或脑电图（EEG）获取神经数据，而参与者则执行与第一届会议相同的任务。将评估皮质功能的时间和空间度量，重点是网络连接。 TMS，Sham TMS和TMS与任务不涉及的领域之间的比较将从因果角度阐明这些控制区域的作用，有助于表征神经重组的潜力，并提供基础来了解注意力与记忆之间的机械关系。除了推进这一重要领域的有限工作外，我们还预计这种独特的“扰动和记录”方法论方法和实验设计将对该领域产生重大影响。这些知识将用于指导针对针对广泛认知能力和临床人群的康复计划的目标发展，这些康复能力和临床人群容易受到关注和记忆功能的下降。公共卫生相关性：注意力和记忆过程受许多精神病和神经系统疾病的影响。随着人口的衰老，这是一个日益增长的公共卫生问题。鉴于关注和记忆中共临界缺陷的高流行率很高，因此这些条件的认知变化可能具有共同的基础。该项目的目的是了解控制注意力与记忆之间相互作用的神经机制，并表征功能障碍在神经网络中的影响。这些知识将用于设计更有效的治疗干预措施，以改善患有神经和精神病认知障碍的人的生活质量。