Mechanisms of self-regulation of internal distraction

内部干扰的自我调节机制

• 批准号: 8210341
• 负责人: ADAM H GAZZALEY
• 金额: $ 17.38万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN FRANCISCO
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2011
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2011-09-30 至 2013-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8210341
• 关键词: Accounting; Address; Age; Area; Attention; Auditory; Awareness; Basic Science; Behavior; Behavioral; Biological Neural Networks; Characteristics; Cognitive; Data; Elderly; Emotional; Environment; Event; Experimental Designs; Failure; Frequencies; Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Future; Goals; Image; Individual; Informal Social Control; Intervention; Knowledge; Laboratories; Learning; Life; Maintenance; Measures; Mediating; Meditation; Mental disorders; Mind; Monitor; Motor Cortex; Nature; Neuronal Plasticity; Neurosciences; Noise; Participant; Performance; Personality; Population; Population Heterogeneity; Pre-Post Tests; Psychological Transfer; Regulation; Research Project Grants; Sensory; Short-Term Memory; Smell Perception; Staging; Surveys; Therapeutic Intervention; Thinking; Training; Training Programs; Translating; Visual; Work; age group; base; behavior test; cognitive training; design; distraction; effective intervention; executive function; improved; memory encoding; neuromechanism; novel; relating to nervous system; research study; sound; theories; young adult

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): A major obstacle to high-level performance on a wide variety of goal-directed activities is interference by distractions. This interference can arise from the external environment, in the form of distracting sounds, images and smells, as well as from the internal milieu, as unwanted, intrusive thoughts. In concordance with recent theories on mind-wandering, we propose that all individuals have a tendency to automatically succumb to internal thoughts that are irrelevant to their ongoing goals, and that this is influenced by cognitive and emotional states and their surrounding environment. The degree to which they are capable of self-regulation of these internal distractions mediates the impact of this interference on goal-directed behavior. The objectives of the proposed research project are to evaluate the factors that impact self-regulation of internal distraction and the neural correlates that account for differences in self-regulation abilities across individuals and age groups, as well as the ability to learn to better self-regulate distraction. Specifically, we will explore how regulation of mind-wandering is influenced by task orientation (internal vs. external), and whether the presence of external distraction influences the regulation of internal distraction. We will evaluate if there are differences in executive function and neural networks that explain differences in these self-regulation abilities. Lastly, we assess the neural mechanisms by which self-regulation of internal distraction can be modified via practice. To accomplish these goals, we designed novel cognitive paradigms to evaluate the self-regulation of internal distraction, and the influence of the described factors, in both healthy younger and older adults. Next, using functional MRI, we will study the neural correlates of internal distraction regulation, as well as a failure to adequately suppress distractions. Finally, we utilize a novel distraction-training program, inspired by meditation practices and plasticity-based cognitive training, to study the neural basis of learning to self-regulate internal distraction. In addition, an extensive battery of cognitive tasks and real-life activity measures will be administered to evaluate correlates of these neural and experimentally-assessed distraction measures. We anticipate that the unique methodological approach and experimental design will significantly advance the limited work in this important area of self-regulation. PUBLIC HEALTH RELEVANCE: Internal distractions are a well-recognized impediment to high-level performance on a wide variety of activities. The goal of this project is to understand the factors that influence the self-regulation of internal distraction, as well as the underlying neural mechanisms that govern this regulation and our ability to learn how to better self-regulate with practice. This knowledge will be used to further our understanding of basic principles underlying self-regulation, and to help design future interventions to improve abilities to regulate the impact of distractions in diverse populations.

描述（由申请人提供）：在各种目标指导活动中高级表现的主要障碍是干扰。这种干扰可能是由外部环境，以分散注意力的声音，图像和气味以及内部环境的形式引起的。与最新的思维方式理论一致，我们建议所有个人都倾向于自动屈服于与他们持续的目标无关的内部思想，这受到认知和情感状态及其周围环境的影响。他们能够自我调节这些内部注意力的程度介导了这种干扰对目标指导行为的影响。拟议的研究项目的目标是评估影响内部分心自我调节的因素，以及神经相关性，这些因素解释了个人和年龄段的自我调节能力差异，以及学会更好地自我调节分散注意力的能力。具体而言，我们将探讨如何通过任务取向（内部与外部）影响思维方式的调节，以及外部分心的存在是否会影响内部分心的调节。我们将评估执行功能和神经网络是否存在解释这些自我调节能力差异的差异。最后，我们评估了可以通过实践来修改内部分心的自我调节的神经机制。为了实现这些目标，我们设计了新颖的认知范式，以评估健康的年轻和老年人的内部分心的自我调节以及所描述因素的影响。接下来，使用功能性MRI，我们将研究内部干扰调节的神经相关性，以及无法充分抑制分心的神经相关性。最后，我们利用了一个新型的分心训练计划，灵感来自冥想实践和基于可塑性的认知训练，以研究学习自我调节内部干扰的神经基础。此外，将采用大量的认知任务和现实生活中的活动措施来评估这些神经和实验评估的干扰措施的相关性。我们预计，独特的方法论方法和实验设计将显着提高这一自我调节领域的有限工作。 公共卫生相关性：内部分心是对各种活动的高级表现的公认障碍。该项目的目的是了解影响内部干扰自我调节的因素，以及控制该法规的潜在神经机制以及我们学习如何通过实践更好地自我调节的能力。这些知识将用于进一步，以进一步了解自我调节的基本原则，并帮助设计未来的干预措施，以提高能力，以调节分心在不同人群中的影响。